2. TURNING 2011’S DISASTERS INTO EDUCATIONAL SURGES THAT WILL ADVANCE DISASTER RESILIENCE PART 7 Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

3. GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE FLOODS SEVERE WIND STORMS EARTHQUAKES DROUGHTS LANDSLIDES WILDFIRES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS TSUNAMIS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS INCREASE TECHNICAL AND POLITICL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY TO COPE INCREASE OWNERSHIP AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE USE DISASTER’S INFO TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

4. NOTABLE DISASTERS IN 2011 FLOODS IN AUSTRALIA EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI IN JAPAN WILDFIRES IN FLORIDA, TEXAS, AND ARIZONA, ETC HURRICANE IRENE AND TROPIAL STORM LEE FLOODS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER SUPER TORNADO OUTBREAK EXPERIENCE FOR CHANGE NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR MAKING COMMUNITIES DISASTER RESIILIENT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

5. VOLCANOES are awesome manifestations of heat flowing as a result of hot spots (e.g., Hawaii and Iceland) and movement along faults located in subduction zones (e.g., the Pacific Rim).

6. 2011’S KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE BASE INCLUDED NOTABLE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN ICELAND AND CHILE MAY - JUNE, 2011

7. USING 2011’S EXPERIENCES TO INFORM ALL ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY WILL MOVE COMMUNITIES TOWARDS THE IMPORTANT NATIONAL GOAL OF VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE

8. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,...,) intersect at a point in space and time.

9. Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), caused extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

10. THE THREE CONTINUUMS OF EVERY DISASTER PEOPLE COMMUNITY COMPLEX EVENTS

11. A DISASTER IMPACTS ALL SOCIETAL ELEMENTS

12. AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Transforms information and experience gained from a disaster into knowledge, best practices, and technologies that help communities become disaster resilient.

13. HOW TO BUILD CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE Identify the gaps in community capacity in the four critical elements of the solution: Preparedness, Protection, Response, and Recovery. Use the accumulated knowledge and experience base to fill the perceived gaps in Preparedness, Protection, Response, and Recovery in the community.

14. CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS (READY FOR ANY COMPLEX EVENT) PROTECTION (BUILD ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES TO WITHSTAND) PREPAREDNESS (READY FOR ANY COMPLEX EVENT) PROTECTION (BUILD ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES TO WITHSTAND)

15. CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE RESPONSE (SAVING LIVES, AND ENSURING CONTINUITY) RECOVERY (BOUNCING BACK QUICKLY AND RESUMING LIFE AGAIN) RESPONSE (SAVING LIVES, AND ENSURING CONTINUITY) RECOVERY (BOUNCING BACK QUICKLY AND RESUMING LIFE AGAIN)

16. BENEFITS OF AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Intensifies efforts to protect essential (schools) and critical facilities (hos- pitals, dams, transportation, systems, and power plants).

17. EDUCATIONAL SURGES CREATE TURNING POINTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL SECTORS OF SOCIETY INFORMED IGNORANCE TO ENLIGHTENMENT APATHY TO EMPOWERMENT BOUNDARIES TO NETWORKS STATUS QUO TO GOOD POLITICAL DECISIONS EDUCATIONAL SURGES CHANGE POLICIES BASED ON A COM- MUNITY’S RISK EDUCATIONAL SURGES CHANGE POLICIES BASED ON A COM- MUNITY’S RISK

18. TURNING POINTS FOR CHANGE NEW RESOURCES NEW DELIVERY MECHANISMS NEW PROFESSIONAL LINKAGES NEW LEGISLATIVE MANDATES NEW DIALOGUE ON BUILDING A CULTURE OF DISASTER- RISK REDUCTION EDUCATIONAL SURGES WILL RESULT IN …

19. EDUCATIONAL SURGE ADD VALUE INCREASE AWARENESS INCREASE UNDERSTANDING INCREASE POLITICAL WILL BUILD EQUITY AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE WILL

20. BENEFITS OF EDUCATIONAL SURGES EXPAND CAPABILITY IMPROVE DELIVERY MECHANISMS OVERCOME UNIVERSAL BARRIERS CREATE TURNING POINTS OF CHANGE INCREASE COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE EDUCATIONAL SURGES

21. ICELAND’S GRIMSVOTN ERUPTS SATURDAY, MAY 21, 2011

22. ICELAND A LAND OF FIRE (VOLCANOES) AND ICE

23. Iceland lies on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the highly volatile, divergent boundary between the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates that is marked by volcanic eruptions and the associated volcano hazards.

24. ICELAND AND PLATE TECTONICS

25. GRIMSVOTN: ICELAND’S MOST ACTIVE VOLCANO

26. The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano in Southern Iceland

27. GRIMSVOTN Iceland's most active volcano, Grimsvotn, located at the heart of its biggest glacier, Vatnajoekull, emitted smoke and lava before erupting.

28. THE ASH PLUME FROM GRIMS- VOTN REACHED 20 KM (12 MI)

29. AIR TRAVEL AFFECTED The ash plume, which was more than twice the height of last year’ eruption of EYJAFJOELL, led to the establishment of “no fly zone” of 220 km (120 mi) in all directions around the summit, leaving planes grounded and closing airspace across Iceland.

30. EYJAFJOELL’S ASH PLUME ONLY REACHED 9 KM (5.6 MI)

31. BUT, EYJAFJOELL’S IMMEDIATE IMPACT ON AIR TRAVEL WAS WORSE In 2010, EYJAFJOELL’s vertical ash plume, which, unlike Grimsvotn’s, was comprised of very fine silica ash, shut down large portions of European airspace for almost a month, and forced 600 people to evacuate from their homes.

32. Eyjafjallajökull

33. Eyjafjallajökull: UNDER A GLACIER; MARCH 27, 2010

34. ASH CLOUD FROM APRIL 14 ERUPTION

35. HEAVY FLOODING: APRIL 14, 2010

36. (DARK) ASH CLOUD OVER ICELAND: APRIL 15, 2010

37. STEAM AND ASH CLOUD: APRIL 18, 2010

38. The ash cloud, made up of minute particles of silica that can severely damage jet engines, left airplanes stranded on the tarmac at some of the world’s busiest airports.

39. CHILE’S VOLCANO PUYEHUE ERUPTED WITH A MASSIVE ASH CLOUD AND SPECTACULAR LIGHTNING JUNE 4, 2011

40. VOLCANO PUYEHUE’S ASH CLOUD: JUNE 4, 2011

41. PUYEHUE’S ASH CLOUD AND LIGHTNING

42. VOLCANO PUYEHUE: JUNE 4, 2011

43. PUYEHUE’S ASH CLOUD  The ash cloud over the Southern Hemisphere has impacted Argentina and spread as far as South Africa and Australia.

44. ASH COVERED SREETS OF SAN CARLOS DE BARILOCHE

45. TRAVELERS:ARGENTINA’S JORGE NEWBERY AIRPORT

46. COMMUNITY RESILIENCE REQUIRES INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM “DISASTER LABORATORIES,” WITH EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES --- ALL WITHIN THE COMMUNITY’S POLITICAL PROCESS.

47. COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION RESPONSE RECOVERY KEY POLICIES

48. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE FORECASTS OF ERUPTIONS MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., DEFORMATION, SEISMICITY, GAS EMISSIONS, REMOTE SENSING, WINDS) WARNING SYSTEMS EVACUATIONS FORECASTS OF ERUPTIONS MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., DEFORMATION, SEISMICITY, GAS EMISSIONS, REMOTE SENSING, WINDS) WARNING SYSTEMS EVACUATIONS DATABASES FOR EACH VOLCANO COMPUTER MODELS OF HAZARDS MAPS DISASTER SCENARIOS HAZARD ASSESSMENT RISK ASSESSMENT DATABASES FOR EACH VOLCANO COMPUTER MODELS OF HAZARDS MAPS DISASTER SCENARIOS HAZARD ASSESSMENT RISK ASSESSMENT

49. PREPAREDNESS: KNOW THE HAZARDS (Potential Disaster Agents)

50. VOLCANO HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) VERTICAL PLUME ASH AND TEPHRA LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC FLOWS

51. VOLCANO HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) LAVA FLOWS LAHARS EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava) “VOLCANIC WINTER”

52. POTECTION: REAL-TIME MONITORING OF THE VOLCANO

53. MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES.

54. POTECTION: KNOW THE RISK AND THE COUNTERMEASUES

55. LATERAL BLAST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS VOLCANIC ASH LAVA FLOWS LAHARS TOXIC GASES CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

56. VOLCANIC ASH: A HIGH RISK TO AVIATION JET AIRCRAFT ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ENGINE FAILURE AND FREE FALL WHEN FLYING THROUGH AN ASH CLOUD.

57. LAVA DIVERSION CHANNELS LAVA FLOWS CAN BE DIVERTED AWAY FROM COMMUNITIES INTO THE OCEAN

58. LAHAR DIVERSION CHANNELS LAHARS CAN BE DIVERTED AWAY FROM URBAN CENTERS.

59. LAHAR SIMULATION

60. RESPONSE STRATEGIES PURPOSE CONTROL EVACUATION PURPOSE CONTROL EVACUATION TECHNIQUE MAP LAVA AND/OR LAHAR FLOW PATHS CREATE COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN TECHNIQUE MAP LAVA AND/OR LAHAR FLOW PATHS CREATE COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

61. COMMUNITY EVACUATION PLAN 11,000 from three districts were evacuated to schools and other desig- nated emer- gency shelters.