1. Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Unit 5: Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs

2. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-2 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Key Terms Cannabis sativa Gateway Theory Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) club drugs lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) ecstasy date-rape drugs heroin inhalants CNS depressants amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) cocaine performance-enhancing drugs

3. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-3 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Who Is Saying “No” to Marijuana? Less than three percent of teens in Canada use marijuana daily Does not fit the lifestyle of: Young people who are active in sports or other activities Young people who are concerned about the effects of smoking on their health

4. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-4 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Consequences of Marijuana Use Physical and Psychological Effects: Damages the respiratory system Causes problems with memory, concentration, and the brain’s ability to organize and process complex information Threat to mental and emotional health Threatens unborn child if pregnant women smoke Users develop tolerance and become dependent

5. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-5 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Effects of Marijuana Use

6. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-6 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Marijuana and the Law All forms of cannabis are subject to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) Possession of small quantities: $1,000 fine Imprisonment for up to six months Trafficking, cultivation, and importing or exporting of cannabis products all carry jail terms

7. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-7 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Hallucinogens: LSD LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) Effects are unpredictable Emotional reactions can change rapidly between euphoria, sadness, and fear “Bad trip” involves anxiety, terrifying thoughts and feelings, and disorienting sensations Regular users can experience upsetting flashbacks without taking the drug again

8. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-8 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Hallucinogens: Ecstasy Short-term effects: Dilated pupils Tightening of the jaw Nausea Sweating Dry mouth and throat Increased blood pressure and heart rate Loss of appetite Long-term effects: Impaired short-term memory Depression Mood changes Disrupted sleep patterns

9. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-9 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. What Are Date-Rape Drugs? Rohypnol® Colourless, tasteless, and odourless Leaves people with little or no memory of events while on the drug GHB (liquid E) Tastes slightly salty High doses cause extreme fatigue and unconsciousness Ketamine (K, Special K) Produces numbness and paralysis High doses can lead to unconsciousness

10. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-10 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. How to Protect Yourself from Date-Rape Drugs Always party with friends Know who is pouring your drink Watch your drink Tell someone you trust if you feel overly intoxicated or have lost control of yourself Don’t plan to go home by yourself

11. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-11 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Depressants: Heroin and Other Opiates Low doses cause: Reduced physical and emotional pain Dizziness Reduced mental altertness Drowsiness Nausea and vomiting High doses cause: Euphoria Impaired concentration Slower breathing Low blood pressure Contraction of pupils Constipation * Large doses can produce stupor, coma, or even death from respiratory failure

12. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-12 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Depressants: Inhalants and Prescribed CNS Depressant Medication Inhalants: Paint thinners, modelling glue, gasoline, and cleaning fluids Produce feelings of euphoria and light-headedness Can result in brain damage, suffocation, and death Prescribed CNS Depressant Medications: Barbiturates and tranquilizers Used to treat anxiety, nervousness, sleep problems, and to relax muscles Discontinuing use can lead to withdrawal symptoms

13. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-13 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Stimulants: Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) Effects: Increased alertness and energy Feeling of well-being Decreased appetite Rapid heart beat and breathing Increased blood pressure Sweating Dilated pupils Dry mouth Euphoria Dependence

14. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-14 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Stimulants: Cocaine and Crack Physical effects: Rapid heart beat Dilated pupils, sweating Decreased appetite Muscle spasms, tremors Headaches Pressure in the chest Nausea and fever Blurred vision, convulsions Emotional effects: Euphoria Severe agitation Paranoid thinking Erratic or violent behaviour Hallucinations

15. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-15 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. A Reality Check on Steroids What are anabolic steroids? Performance-enhancing drugs Include testosterone and synthetic drugs chemically related to testosterone Prescribed by doctors to treat specific injuries, illnesses, and other medial conditions Come in pills, capsules, muscle injections, and gels and creams that are rubbed into the skin

16. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-16 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Effects of Steroids on the Body Specifically in Boys and Men: Shrunken testicles, leading to impotence Impaired sperm production, leading to infertility Breast growth and tenderness Hair loss Specifically in Girls and Women: Irregular periods, or loss of periods, leading to infertility Deepening of the voice Growth of facial and body hair Shrinkage of breasts Growth of clitoris

17. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-17 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Effects of Steroids on the Body – cont’d In Men and Women: Severe acne Stunted growth Muscle spasms Decreased flexibility Water retention Nose bleeds Kidney damage Liver damage Weakened immune system Increased blood pressure Increased cholesterol

18. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-18 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Dealing with Dependence When does substance use become substance dependence? If use is causing a person problems and he/she continues to use Physicians, psychologists, and social workers must perform an assessment to rate the severity of a dependence and then work out a course of action

19. Unit 5 Drug Use and Abuse Chapter 15-19 Marijuana and Other Illegal Drugs Healthy Active Living Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Finding Help the Sooner, the Better Talk to the user about your concerns Help him or her contact: A guidance counsellor Their local addiction service office A local 12-step meeting Deal with it immediately Don’t allow the situation to worsen