1. First Aid What Is First Aid? Immediate, temporary care given to a person who has become sick or who has been injured Takes place until proper medical authority arrive

2. Emergency Action Plan Primary Survey 3 C’s = Check, Call, Care Check – scene safetyCheck – scene safety –Check the immediate surroundings for possible dangers; move victim only if life is threatened Check victim...Check victim... –Check consciousness – gently tap and ask, “Are you OK?” –Check the victim for poisoning You don’t want to make more victims!

3. Emergency Action Plan cont. º Call Call 911 immediately if victim shows any life-threatening conditionsCall 911 immediately if victim shows any life-threatening conditions Answer 911 operator’s questions and follow directions calmly and completely Answer 911 operator’s questions and follow directions calmly and completely º Care Be prepared to provide first aid Be prepared to provide first aid Control severe bleeding Control severe bleeding Prepare to perform CPRPrepare to perform CPR

4. Making the Call to 911 Give location of emergency (exact address, city or town, nearby intersections, building #, floor, apt.)Give location of emergency (exact address, city or town, nearby intersections, building #, floor, apt.) Telephone # from which call is being madeTelephone # from which call is being made Caller’s nameCaller’s name What happenedWhat happened # of victims# of victims Condition of victimsCondition of victims First aid givenFirst aid given

5. Universal Precautions Be responsible – protect yourself and the victim!Be responsible – protect yourself and the victim! Wear disposable gloves if coming into contact with body fluidsWear disposable gloves if coming into contact with body fluids Use a plastic face shield or mask with a one-way valveUse a plastic face shield or mask with a one-way valve Wash your hands with soap and warm water after providing first aidWash your hands with soap and warm water after providing first aid

6. Shock Usually accompanies severe injury or emotional upsetUsually accompanies severe injury or emotional upset Circulation system fails to send blood to all parts of the bodyCirculation system fails to send blood to all parts of the body Signs – ► cool, clammy skin ► pale face ► confusion ► nausea ► vomiting ► rapid breathing

7. Choking When food or any other object becomes lodged in a person’s airway, this person may chokeWhen food or any other object becomes lodged in a person’s airway, this person may choke Unless the object is dislodged within minutes, the person can dieUnless the object is dislodged within minutes, the person can die Signs: a person may bring one or both hands to the throat, gasp for air or turn blue

8. CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation When blood does not circulate, the brain and other vital organs do not receive O2When blood does not circulate, the brain and other vital organs do not receive O2 Signs of a cardiac arrest –Unconsciousness –No signs of breathing –No signs of circulation

9. CPR 2010 Guidelines2010 Guidelines –C, A, B(Compressions, Airway, Breathing) –If not CPR certified, provide “Hands-Only” CPR CPR Certified: –Begin immediately with 30 compressions, 2” deep –Open the airway, deliver 2 breaths

10. AED Automated External Defibrillator (AED)Automated External Defibrillator (AED) An AED can check a person’s heart rhythm. It can recognize a rhythm that requires a shock.An AED can check a person’s heart rhythm. It can recognize a rhythm that requires a shock. It can advise the rescuer when a shock is needed.It can advise the rescuer when a shock is needed. The AED uses voice prompts, lights and text messages to tell the rescuer the steps to take.The AED uses voice prompts, lights and text messages to tell the rescuer the steps to take.

11. Burns 1 st Degree – superficial – top layers of skin ex. Sunburn – takes 5-6 days to heal (use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or more)1 st Degree – superficial – top layers of skin ex. Sunburn – takes 5-6 days to heal (use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or more) 2 nd Degree – top several layers of skin, blisters & blotchy – takes 3-4 weeks to heal2 nd Degree – top several layers of skin, blisters & blotchy – takes 3-4 weeks to heal 3 rd Degree – destroys all layers of skin as well as nerves, muscles, fat, and bones3 rd Degree – destroys all layers of skin as well as nerves, muscles, fat, and bones

12. Heat Exhaustion/Heat Stroke Heat Exhaustion – exposed to high tempsHeat Exhaustion – exposed to high temps - Signs: skin that is cool, moist or pale, headache, dizziness, nausea, heavy sweating, weakness - Signs: skin that is cool, moist or pale, headache, dizziness, nausea, heavy sweating, weakness Heat Stroke – body systems become so overheated = stop functioning – life threateningHeat Stroke – body systems become so overheated = stop functioning – life threatening –Signs: confusion, red, hot, dry skin, shallow breathing

13. Frostbite/Hypothermia Frostbite – freezing of body partsFrostbite – freezing of body parts * lack of feeling in the affected area, skin that appears waxy or discolored and is cold to the touch Hypothermia – body temp falls below 95°Hypothermia – body temp falls below 95° * shivering, numbness or weakness, glassy stare, confusion

14. Open Wounds - Bleeding Abrasion – damage to outer layers of skinAbrasion – damage to outer layers of skin Laceration – caused by a sharp object; deep cuts result in heavy bleeding and may damage nerves, blood vessels or soft tissueLaceration – caused by a sharp object; deep cuts result in heavy bleeding and may damage nerves, blood vessels or soft tissue Puncture – wound caused by a pin, splinter, or other pointed object piercing the skinPuncture – wound caused by a pin, splinter, or other pointed object piercing the skin Avulsion – tissue is separated partlyAvulsion – tissue is separated partly or completely from a person’s body or completely from a person’s body

15. Dislocation - Fracture Dislocation – Displacement or separation of a bone from its normal position at a jointDislocation – Displacement or separation of a bone from its normal position at a joint Fracture – chip, crack, or break in boneFracture – chip, crack, or break in bone –Closed = skin intactOpen = piece of bone sticks out through skin symptoms: swelling, inability to move joint or pain when moving, tenderness

16. Strains & Sprains Strain – muscles have been overworkedStrain – muscles have been overworked –Symptoms: dull pain that worsens with movement, swelling Sprain – injury to tissues surrounding a jointSprain – injury to tissues surrounding a joint –Symptoms: popping sound or tearing sensation, swelling, tenderness, discoloration

17. Poison Poisons can enter the body by 4 routes: Ingestion, Inhalation, Injection, Absorption Ingestion – most swallowed poisons are household cleaners and medicationsIngestion – most swallowed poisons are household cleaners and medications Inhalation: Carbon Monoxide, AmmoniaInhalation: Carbon Monoxide, Ammonia Injected Poison – insect stings and bitesInjected Poison – insect stings and bites Absorption – Plants and chemicalsAbsorption – Plants and chemicals