Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byLesley Kelley Modified over 9 years ago
1
Waves & Sound I. Characteristics of Waves Waves Transverse waves Longitudinal waves Measuring waves
2
A. Waves Waves rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space Medium material through which a wave transfers energy solid, liquid, gas, or combination electromagnetic waves don’t need a medium (e.g. visible light)
3
B. Waves & Energy Waves Carry energy Waves are caused by vibrations Can do work Move objects Energy Waves carry energy Vibration is a transfer of energy As waves carry energy the particles in the medium move the direction of the motion determines the type of wave
4
C. Categories of Waves Mechanical Waves Must travel through a medium Cannot travel through a vacuum Examples: sound, ocean waves Electromagnetic Waves Does not require a medium Can be transferred through a vacuum Examples: light, UV rays, Visible light
5
D. Types of Waves Two Types: Longitudinal Transverse
6
D. Transverse Waves Transverse Waves medium vibrates perpendicular to the direction of wave motion Examples: water waves, electromagnetic waves
7
B. Transverse Waves Wave Anatomy crests troughs wavelength amplitude corresponds to the amount of energy carried by the wave nodes
8
E. Longitudinal Waves Longitudinal Waves (a.k.a. compressional waves) medium moves in the same direction as the wave’s motion Examples: sound waves, springs, slinky
9
E. Longitudinal Waves Wave Anatomy rarefaction compression wavelength Amount of compression corresponds to amount of energy AMPLITUDE
10
F. Measuring Waves Frequency ( f ) # of waves passing a point in 1 second SI unit: Hertz (Hz) shorter wavelength higher frequency higher energy 1 second
11
1 Frequency = period ( ) or period = the amount of time for one cycle to do a complete motion Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz). 1Hz = 1 wave per second Cycle second F. Measuring Waves
12
Velocity ( v ) speed of a wave as it moves forward depends on wave type and medium v = × f v:velocity (m/s) :wavelength (m) f:frequency (Hz)
13
F. Measuring Waves Solid Molecules are close together so waves travel very quickly. Liquid Molecules are farther apart but can slide past one another so waves do not travel as fast. Gas Molecules are very far apart so a molecule has to travel far before it hits another molecule, so waves travel slowest in gases.
14
WORK: v = × f v = (3.2 m)(0.60 Hz) v = 1.92 m/s F. Measuring Waves EX: Find the velocity of a wave in a wave pool if its wavelength is 3.2 m and its frequency is 0.60 Hz. GIVEN: v = ? = 3.2 m f = 0.60 Hz v f
15
WORK: f = v ÷ f = (5000 m/s) ÷ (417 m) f = 12 Hz F. Measuring Waves EX: An earthquake produces a wave that has a wavelength of 417 m and travels at 5000 m/s. What is its frequency? GIVEN: = 417 m v = 5000 m/s f = ? v f
16
Ch. 17 – Waves II. Wave Behavior Reflection Refraction Diffraction Interference Constructive Interference Destructive Interference Doppler effect
17
A. Wave Interactions Wave Interaction When a wave meets an object or another wave. When a wave passes into another medium Examples: reflection, diffraction, refraction, interference, resonance
18
A. Reflection Reflection when a wave strikes an object and bounces off incident beamreflected beam Normal
19
A. Reflection When a wave bounces off a surface that is cannot pass through
20
B. Refraction Refraction bending of waves when passing from one medium to another caused by a change in speed slower (more dense) light bends toward the normal SLOWER FASTER faster (less dense) light bends away from the normal
21
B. Refraction The bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle.
22
B. Refraction Refraction depends on… speed of light in the medium wavelength of the light - shorter wavelengths (blue) bend more
23
B. Refraction Example: View explanation.explanation.
24
C. Diffraction The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening.
25
C. Diffraction Diffraction bending of waves around a barrier longer wavelengths (red) bend more - opposite of refraction
26
D. Interference The interaction of two or more waves that combine in a region of overlap
27
D. Interference Two types of Interference constructive brighter light destructive dimmer light
28
E/F. Constructive & Destructive Interference Both are caused by two or more waves interacting, but… Constructive interference combines the energies of the two waves into a greater amplitude Destructive interference reduces the energies of the two waves into a smaller amplitude.
29
G. Doppler Effect A change in wave frequency caused by movement of sound source, motion of the listener, or both.
30
Ch. 18 - Waves & Sound III. The Nature of Sound Speed of Sound Human hearing Doppler effect Seeing with sound
31
A. Speed of Sound 344 m/s in air at 20°C Depends on: Type of medium travels better through solids than through liquids can’t travel through a vacuum Temperature of medium travels faster at higher temperatures
32
B. Human Hearing sound wave vibrates ear drum amplified by bones converted to nerve impulses in cochlea
33
B. Human Hearing Pitch highness or lowness of a sound depends on frequency of sound wave human range: 20 - 20,000 Hz ultrasonic waves subsonic waves
34
B. Human Hearing Intensity volume of sound depends on energy (amplitude) of sound wave measured in decibels (dB)
35
B. Human Hearing 70 80 100 110 120 40 18 10 0 DECIBEL SCALE
36
C. Doppler Effect Doppler Effect change in wave frequency caused by a moving wave source moving toward you - pitch sounds higher moving away from you - pitch sounds lower
37
C. Doppler Effect Stationary sourceMoving sourceSupersonic source same frequency in all directions waves combine to produce a shock wave called a sonic boom higher frequency lower frequency
38
D. Seeing with Sound Ultrasonic waves - above 20,000 Hz Medical ImagingSONAR “Sound Navigation Ranging”
39
IV. Electromagnetic Radiation (p.528-535) EM Radiation EM Spectrum Types of EM Radiation
40
A. Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic Radiation transverse waves produced by the motion of electrically charged particles does not require a medium speed in a vacuum = 300,000 km/s electric and magnetic components are perpendicular
41
The full range of light B. Electromagnetic Spectrum
42
B. Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum long low f low energy short high f high energy
43
C. Types of EM Radiation Rabbits Meet In Very Unusual Xciting Gardens
44
C. Types of EM Radiation Radio waves Lowest energy EM radiation FM - frequency modulation AM - amplitude modulation Microwaves penetrate food and vibrate water & fat molecules to produce thermal energy
45
C. Types of EM Radiation Infrared Radiation (IR) slightly lower energy than visible light can raise the thermal energy of objects thermogram - image made by detecting IR radiation
46
C. Types of EM Radiation Visible Light small part of the spectrum we can see ROY G. BIV - colors in order of increasing energy ROYG.BIV redorangeyellowgreenblueindigoviolet
47
C. Types of EM Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) slightly higher energy than visible light Types: UVA - tanning, wrinkles UVB - sunburn, cancer UVC - most harmful, sterilization
48
C. Types of EM Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Ozone layer depletion = UV exposure!
49
C. Types of EM Radiation X rays higher energy than UV can penetrate soft tissue, but not bones
50
C. Types of EM Radiation Gamma rays highest energy on the EM spectrum emitted by radioactive atoms used to kill cancerous cells Radiation treatment using radioactive cobalt-60.
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.