2. Europeans wanted to explore for: Glory God Gold

3. Glory Exploration led to fame for the explorers and their sponsor country Demand for new land and glory led to competition between countries

4. God European Christians wanted to stop the spread of Islam and convert non-Christians to their faith Europeans were encouraged to spread Christianity or bring missionaries who would focus on it

5. Gold $$$ Money $$$ The Crusades and Renaissance stimulated European desires for exotic Asian luxury goods

6. The Problem: Trade was controlled predominantly by the Ottoman Empire (Muslim Turks/Arabs) and the Italians because of their great location on the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia This caused goods to be very expensive

7. The solution: Europeans search for direct trade routes to the East Spain: Plan to sail west across Atlantic ocean Portugal: Plan to sail around Africa to India

8. New Technology in Navigation Magnetic compass made sailing more accurate Astrolabe used stars to show direction

9. New Technology in Navigation (cont’d) Cartographers made maps more accurately and used longitude & latitude

10. The caravel was a strong ship that could travel in the open seas & in shallow water A moveable rudder made the caravel more maneuverable Caravels had triangular lateen sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind Cannons & rifles gave ships protection

11. Europeans conquer Latin America

12. Europeans take over the Americas and conquer the natives – Aztecs: conquered by Cortes – Incas: conquered by Pizzaro

13. Three main reasons for European success in conquest: Technology- (guns, cannons, metal armor)

14. Disease (smallpox, measles, influenza)

15. Legend of Quetzalcoatl (pale skinned bearded God who promised to return from the East to the Aztecs)

16. Montezuma: Aztec Emperor who thought Cortez was Quetzalcoatl and paid him tribute.

17. Effects: Spain becomes wealthy and powerful

18. Smallpox kills huge numbers of natives

19. The land is split into two provinces: New Spain (Mexico) Peru

20. Life in Latin America Ruling: – A Viceroy, or representative of the king, rules very harshly over the new territories Main product – Sugar cane

21. Encomienda system Spanish settlers are given land and natives

22. Spanish have two duties to natives: Care for them Christianize them

23. Result: Natives are actually treated like slaves by their owners Labor shortage Natives died of disease or mistreatment Natives ran away

24. Solution: Import new slaves from Africa

25. Cultural Diffusion Spanish Learn Native culture and food (corn, tortilla) Introduce Christianity and horses

26. Africans – Introduce rice, beans and spices

27. Social structure in Latin America Peninsular Spanish born settler Creoles Spanish parents; born in Americas Mestizos part Spanish, part Native Mulattoes part Spanish, part African Africans, Natives

28. European and American Ties

29. Columbian Exchange – Exchange of plants, animals, technology, and disease between Europe and the Americas

30. To America: grains, livestock, disease From America: sugar cane, tomato, corn, potato, tobacco, chocolate

31. Effect – Many migrate to Americas – European, African, Native cultures all become part of Latin America

32. Ties to Europe Mercantilism: System where colonies in America give raw materials to the mother country to be made into goods then resold back to the colonies

33. Negative Effects – Price for goods was extremely high – Colonies can’t develop industry – Constant dependence on Mother Country

35. In the 1500’s slaves are needed to replace the Natives in America who have died or ran away

36. Atlantic Slave Trade Phase 1 – 1500-1750 – Slave raiding (2-3 Africans capture another 3-5 Africans and sell them to the Middle East and Asia)

37. Phase 2 1750-1900 Whole tribes are given guns and money to capture other tribes to be shipped to the Americas

38. Negative effects Whole tribes and their cultures are lost The strong were captured first—Society suffers

39. Agenda: Please take out your vocabulary so that I may check it Fill in your BINGO board with the vocab words (MIX THEM UP!!!) BINGO! Note: – Test Corrections are due TOMORROW – I will grade your essays this weekend – DO NOT WEAR A SKIRT OR DRESS TOMORROW!!!

40. Destinations of Slaves Brought to the Americas OtherEurope/ Atlantic islands North America Spanish America Caribbean Brazil

41. Volume Year

42. Top Ten Reasons Slaves Died on the Middle Passage

43. 1. Length of the Trip

44. 2. Waiting on the Ships

45. 3. Waiting in African Forts

46. 4. Rebellions

47. 5. Suicide 6. Murder

48. 7. Disease 8. Trauma 9. Packing

50. 10. Escape