2. Jarett Publishing Hinkle-OL

3. Asia Marco Polo’s writings sparked European interest in Asia Asian goods, especially spices and silk, were sought after in Europe The Silk Road was cut off by the Ottoman Turks Renaissance: A new spirit of inquiry arose Europeans wanted to explore the oceans New technology allowed for better navigation, especially the compass and triangular lateen sail Caravel: TAMU.edu What impact did the Ottoman Empire have on European Exploration?

4. Both Spain and Portugal wanted to establish trade with Asia and financed overseas exploration Spain’s Rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella: Captured the Muslim areas of Spain Expelled Spain’s Jewish Community Reunited all of Spain under Christian Rule Sought to spread Christianity across the world Portugal Prince Henry developed a lighter sailing ship He sponsored expeditions along the coast of Africa Ferdinand and Isabella wedding portrait, unknown artist Why would European monarchs spend so much money on exploration?

5. Sea Captain from Genoa, Italy Sailed west in 3 ships in hopes of finding a quicker route to Asia Sponsored by the King and Queen of Spain Found instead the Americas This new land brought riches and raw materials to Europe Why would Columbus risk his life to find a new trade route?

6. Goods from America to Europe: Tomatoes Corn Potatoes Peppers Squash Pineapples Chocolate Tobacco Turkey Goods from Europe to America: Wheat Sugar Cattle Horses Pigs Sheep Chickens Grains

7. Wikipedia.com What other items might have been exchanged besides food and animals?

8. How is this map different from the previous one?

9. Impact on the Americas: New livestock, including cattle, sheep, and pigs, as well as crops from Africa resulted in a change in diet. Re-introduction of horses led to changes in transportation. New diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans; slaves from Africa transformed labor systems.

10. Impact on Europe: New foods and plants resulted in a population increase. The Americas became a valuable source of cotton and sugar, resulting and colonization and plantation systems where primarily forced labor was used, leading to the development of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. The impact of the Columbian Exchange pushed beyond Europe into Asia where populations increased due to more nutrient-rich foods.

11. Vasco de Gama (1460- 1524): Portuguese Discovered an all water route to India Sailed around the tip of Africa in 1497 Ferdinand Megellan (1480-1521): Portuguese 1 st to sail around the world (1519) What dangers might these men have faced in these voyages?

12. wikipedia

13. 1519: Hernando Cortez sailed from Cuba to Mexico. The Aztecs first thought the Spanish were gods 1521 Cortez attacked the Aztecs with the help of other Native Americans. The Aztecs were defeated mainly because a smallpox epidemic had broke out and killed many of them. The Aztecs surrender to Cortex, The British Library The caption means “Now the Mexica (Aztecs) were finished.” Based on what you know about the Aztecs, why would other tribes help Cortez?

14. 1530 Francisco Pizarro left Panama to conquer the Incas. The Incas just had a civil war. The Spanish pretended to be friendly and ambushed and killed the emperor. Spain won because of their superior technology. In 1533 Pizarro captured the Inca capital. The Spanish forced the Inca to become Christian and were used as a labor force. Conquistador fighting the Incas What advantages in technology did the Spanish have over the American natives?

15. Latin America= blend of European and Native American culture Government: Viceroys (governor) ruled each Spanish province. Spanish born citizens filled most positions in the government and military. Gold and silver from the Americas was shipped back to Spain. This made Spain the strongest European power. ushistory.com What problems in governing such a large territory might the Spanish have faced?

16. Conquistadors: (Spanish Nobles) owned the land Native Americans: worked the land Priests: tried to convert the Indians to Christianity and keep them from becoming slaves

17. After a while this social order developed: Noble officials and landowners born in Spain (peninsulares): head of colonial society Spanish people born in the New World (creoles) Mixed Spanish and Native American people (mestizos) Native Americans (did most of the hard work) What observations do you have about this social structure?

18. 1607: English established Jamestown in Virginia 1620: Pilgrims establish colony in Massachusetts 1630: The Puritans settle near the Pilgrims Eventually 13 colonies arose along the Atlantic coast

19. Disease killed many Native Americans A new labor force was needed in the New World In Africa conquering tribes sold their captives to the Europeans Based on the map, which European power acquired the most African slaves?

20. Grew as a system of slavery from West Africa to the Americas (primarily the Caribbean and Brazil) and changed the social structures. 15 million Africans were enslaved 11 million went to Spanish colonies Many died coming across the Atlantic in what has become known as the “Middle Passage.” Most male slaves crossed the Atlantic while most female slaves journeyed from West Africa to Southwest Africa

21. Legacy of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on Africa Encouraged African Warfare: captured slaves were traded for guns, rum, and other manufactured goods Disrupted African Culture: destroyed Africa’s culture and heritage and led to violence, bitterness, and social upheaval Increased Cultural Diffusion: ideas, good, and cultures were exchanged in Africa and the Americas How has African culture affected American society and culture?