1. Introduction to Public Speaking

2. Five Benefits of the Course
Skills for speaking in public
Being able to speak in public will give you more control over your life.

3. Five Benefits of the Course
Skills that apply to one-on-one communication

4. Five Benefits of the Course
Skills that are prized in the job market
You may think “I’ll never do any public speaking in my job.” It’s likely that in avoiding them, you’ll miss opportunities to advance your career.

5. Employers Rate Importance of Specific Skills
on a 5.0 scale
Adapted from survey results of National Association of Colleges & Employers

6. Five Benefits of the Course
Experience and self-confidence
The classroom is a perfect place to practice and develop your skills because it is an unthreatening setting.

7. Five Benefits of the Course
Making a contribution to others
The skills you develop in your public speaking class can help you contribute more to the various communities to which you belong.

8. Manage Your Learning Process
Frustrations and accomplishments are part of any learning process
Your classmates are valuable resources

9. Speech Communication Process
Speaker
Listener
Message

10. Speech Communication Process
Channel
Medium used to communicate
In the classroom, your primary channel is auditory (your voice)

11. Speech Communication Process
Feedback
Verbal
Non verbal

12. Speech Communication Process
Interferences
External Interference (outside the listener)
a crying baby
Internal Interference (within the listener)
Your listeners are daydreaming.
Speaker Generated Interference

13. Speech Communication Process
Situation
Time
Place

14. Speech Communication Process

15. The Speaker’s Responsibilities
Maintain high ethical standards
Enrich listeners’ lives
Take every speech seriously

16. The Speaker’s Responsibilities
Maintain high ethical standards
Never distort information

17. The Speaker’s Responsibilities
Maintain high ethical standards
Respect your audience
Reject stereotyping

18. The Speaker’s Responsibilities
Enrich Listeners’ Lives

19. The Speaker’s Responsibilities
Take Every Speech Seriously

20. Avoid the most common mistakes made by public speakers

21. Tip Avoid the 6 Biggest Mistakes
Failing to tailor a speech to audience needs and interests

22. Tip Avoid the 6 Biggest Mistakes
Being poorly prepared

23. Tip Avoid the 6 Biggest Mistakes
Trying to cover too much in one speech
Our speaker needs no introduction. What he needs is a conclusion.

24. Tip Avoid the 5 Biggest Mistakes
Mistake #4 Failing to maintain good eye contact

25. Tip Avoid the 5 Biggest Mistakes
Mistake #5 Using PowerPoint ineffectively 25

26. Tip Avoid the 5 Biggest Mistakes
Being dull

27. Managing Nervousness

28. Nervousness Nervousness is normal
It is perfectly normal –even desirable – to be nervous.
How can you control your nervousness and make it work for you rather than against you?

29. Reasons for Nervousness
Fear of being stared at
Fear of failure
Fear of rejection
Fear of the unknown

30. Confront Fear
Do the thing you fear

31. Understanding Anxiety
Situational Anxiety or State Anxiety
Caused by factors in a specific situation
Trait Anxiety
Internal anxieties an individual brings to the speaking situation

32. Understanding Anxiety
The value of anxiety
Fear makes speakers more alert and dynamic

33. Understanding Anxiety
Before an event, many athletes have nervous tension . . .
. . . which boosts their energy level

34. Managing Situational Anxiety
Pros have trained their butterflies to fly in formation
- Edward Murrow
How to control your butterflies

35. Managing Situational Anxiety
Prepare and practice
Warm up first
Use deep breathing

36. Managing Situational Anxiety
Plan an introduction to relax you and your listeners
Concentrate on meaning
Use visual aids

37. In the Planning Stage
Prepare yourself thoroughly

38. In the Planning Stage
Choose a topic you know a lot about

39. Plan visuals & make arrangements
In the Planning Stage
Plan visuals & make arrangements

40. Immediately before the Speech
Use physical actions to release tension
Press palms against each other

41. During the Speech
Pause a few moments before starting

42. Don’t think of performance …
During the Speech
Don’t think of performance …
. . . instead, aim for communication

43. Work especially hard on your introduction
During the Speech
Work especially hard on your introduction
A speaker’s anxiety level begins to drop significantly after the first 30 to 60 seconds.
Pretense often leads to reality 43

44. During the Speech
Act poised
Pretense often leads to reality

45. Never mention nervousness or apologize
During the Speech
Never mention nervousness or apologize

46. Is this listener displeased with the speaker?
During the Speech
Don’t let listeners upset you
Is this listener displeased with the speaker?

47. During the Speech
Eliminate excess energy

48. The Goal is Control Undesirable Excessive tension Desirable
Enough tension to energize, but not cripple
No tension

49. Managing Trait Anxiety
People with high trait anxiety often
Feel that they are different from other speakers (I’m more nervous than anyone else in my class)
Have a history of negative speaking experiences (real or perceived)
Consider themselves to have subordinate status to others or have negative attitudes toward themselves

50. Managing Trait Anxiety
Know that most symptoms are not seen

51. Managing Trait Anxiety
Positive Imagery
Create a positive and detailed mental image of yourself giving a successful and confident speech.
3 steps 51

52. Managing Trait Anxiety
Step 1 Develop the Habit of Positive Self Talk
I wish I didn’t have to give this speech
This speech is a chance for me to share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker
I’m not a great public speaker
No one’s perfect, but I’m getting better with each speech I give

53. Managing Trait Anxiety
Step 1
I’m always nervous when I give a speech.
Everyone is nervous. If other people can handle it, I can too.
No one will be interested in what I have to say.
I have a good topic and I’m fully prepared. Of course they’ll be interested.

54. Managing Trait Anxiety
Step 2 Refocus Negative Mental Pictures into Positive Ones
Positive statements/desired characteristics
When presenting speeches, my voice is strong and steady and loud enough to be easily heard 54

55. Managing Trait Anxiety
Step 2
When presenting speeches, my voice is strong and steady and loud enough to be easily heard.
Say it, see it and feel it 55

56. Managing Trait Anxiety
Step 3 Don’t Compare Yourself to Others
Your goal isn’t to be better than other speakers.
Your goal is to be the best speaker you can be. 56

57. Managing Trait Anxiety
Find more expert sources to back your points
Personalize your speech to show your own unique slant on the topic