1. Chapter 13  The second Industrial Revolution

3.  The Bessemer process would make it possible to create lighter faster machines.

7. Transportation:

9. 1. High standard of living and transportation

10. Agricultural Countries  Spain  Portugal  Balkans  Russia  Southern Italy  Most of Austria Hungry They provided food and raw materials to the industrialized countries.

12. Map Activity: 1. Identify the different countries on the map of Europe. 2. Then Use a color to shade in the areas that were industrialized. 3. Use a Different color to shade in the Agricultural areas. 4. Create a key explaining the two colors.

13.  The National Basketball Players Association, saying the collective bargaining process has "completely broken down," served notice to the NBA on Monday that they plan to dissolve and pursue antitrust lawsuits against the league for the 137-day lockout.( Newsweek )  Define collective bargaining and strike.  Apply those terms to the NBA Lock-Out

14. IV. Changes in the Working Class  Industrial workers formed Socialist Political Parties and Socialist Trade Unions to improve working and living conditions.

15. 1.The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel -Bible of Socialism 2. Marx’s theory- Capitalism is to blame for the horrible factory conditions. 1.The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel -Bible of Socialism 2. Marx’s theory- Capitalism is to blame for the horrible factory conditions.

16.  “Government is an instrument of the Ruling class”

17. Organizing the Working Classes * Although early attempts by workers to form workers associations & labor unions met with government opposition, by the mid-1800s industrial workers formed socialist political parties & unions to improve their working conditions. * Working-class leaders formed parties based on the ideas of Karl Marx. * 1848, Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels published The Communist Manifesto which put forth Marxist ideology regarding both economic & social structure: conflict 1) history advanced through conflict production 2) social class that controlled production became the ruling class forward 3) class struggle pushed history forward 4) the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie & create a society without classes & class conflict * One form of Marxist socialism was eventually called communism. * Some Marxists (revisionists) rejected the revolutionary program & argued that working with other parties for political & social reform was a better option. * Trade unions (labor unions) also worked for evolutionary, not revolutionary, change. * By 1914, labor unions had bettered both living and working conditions of the working classes.

19. Trade Unions- In the 1870’s won the right to strike in Great Britain. 1.Collective Bargaining

20. Chapter 13, Section 2The Emergence of Mass Society Social Structure of Mass Society * The new wealthy elite (aristocrats, industrialists, bankers, merchants) were at the top of European society. * The middle classes in Europe consisted of a variety of groups who tended to believe in the ideals of hard work and moral conduct. * The European urban working class consisted of skilled artisans, semi-skilled laborers, & unskilled laborers. By the early 1900s, 80% of Europe’s population belonged to the working class.

21. The Experiences of Women * During the 19th century, women struggled to change their status regarding economic & educational opportunities, social standing, occupational & property rights, and voting rights. * Amalie Sieveking founded the Female Association for the Care of the Poor and Sick in Hamburg, Germany. * Florence Nightingale founded a school of nursing in Britain. * Clara Barton helped transform nursing into a profession of trained, middle-class “women in white.” * Emmeline Pankhurst & her daughters founded the Women’s Social and Political Union to fight for women’s suffrage in Britain. Universal Education * Western nations began public education in the late 1800s because: 1) the Second Industrial Revolution created a need for trained, skilled labor, 2) more people gaining the right to vote created a need for better-educated voters, 3) primary schools helped instill patriotism.

22. Team map connect 1.Make a list of the countries that were part of the Triple Alliance and then a list of the countries that were part of the Triple Entente

25. Chapter 13, Section 3The National State & Democracy Western Europe & Political Democracy * By the late 19 th century, progress had been made toward establishing constitutions, parliaments, & individual liberties in the major European states. * During the 18oos, the Liberal & Conservative parties in Britain both worked to extend the right to vote to more people thru the Reform Acts of 1832, 1867, & 1884. * In France, the Third French Republic was est. in 1875. A premier (prime minister), who was responsible to the legislative body (ministerial responsibility) led the govt. Central & Eastern Europe: The Old Order * Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia pursued policies that were quite different from those of some western European nations. * In Germany, the Kaiser & chancellor controlled the govt. By the reign of Kaiser William II, Germany had become the strongest military & industrial power in Europe. * Francis Joseph, the dual monarch of Austria-Hungary, largely ignored the parliamentary system & ministerial responsibility within his empire. * In Russia, Nicholas II began his rule believing that the absolute power of the czars should be preserved. * Eventually, Nicholas II was forced to grant civil liberties & create a legislative body called the Duma after the Revolution of 1905 broke out due to “Bloody Sunday.”

26. The United States & Canada * Between 1870 & 1914, the U.S. became an industrial power with a foreign empire. Canada faced problems of national unity during this period. * The 13 th, 14 th, & 15 th amendments to the U.S. Constitution all affected former slaves by abolishing slavery, giving citizenship to formerly enslaved African Americans, & giving the right to vote to African American males. * The U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 after deposing Queen Liliuokalani. * Also in 1898, the U.S. defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War & acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, & the Philippines. * While Canada expanded territorially from the Atlantic to the Pacific during the 1800s, unity in Canada was difficult to achieve due to the distrust between the English-speaking & French-speaking peoples of Canada.

27. Triple Alliance  Bismarck formed the Triple Alliance with Austria- Hungary and Italy in 1882. It was a  defensive alliance against France, whom Bismarck feared was making anti-German  alliances with other nations. In 1890 William II fired Bismarck and pursued a foreign  policy of enhancing Germany’s power.

28. Triple Entente  William II dropped Germany’s treaty with Russia. In 1894 France and Russia made an alliance.  Great Britain joined with France and Russia in what was known as the Triple Entente.  Europe was now divided into two uncompromising camps.  Events in the Balkans moved the world toward war.

29. Map Activity  Guam  Puerto Rico  Samoa  Philippine  Hawaii

31. Puerto Rico Somoa Guam Philippians Hawaii

32. Wrapping up!  Use The Boiling Point Cartoon to answer the 3 questions.  Then we will discuss how to use cartoons to interpret history.

33. Chapter 13-4 Changes for the Future

34. Chapter 13, Section 4Toward the Modern Consciousness * Early 1900s, Albert Einstein introduced the theory of relativity, stating that space & time are relative to the observer. * Marie Curie’s experimentation with radium & other radioactive elements changed the worlds view of the atom. * Sigmund Freud believed human behavior was strongly determined by repressed experiences. Freud developed method known as psychoanalysis to probe deeply into a patient’s memory. * Social Darwinism claimed that social progress comes from survival of the strong & fit. * Anti-Semitism, hostility & discrimination against Jews, increased throughout Europe, but especially in Eastern Europe. * Zionist movement developed which called for a Jewish national homeland. * Impressionist painter Claude Monet sought to capture the interplay of light, water,& sky. * Vincent van Gogh was a Postimpressionist painter for whom art was a spiritual experience. * Pablo Picasso created a new style of painting called cubism.

35. Marie Curie  A French scientist who discovered radium, an element that gave off energy.  Why does this matter?

36. Albert Einstein  German-born physicist  His special theory of relativity stated that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer.  Matter was now believed to be energy, an idea that led to understanding the energies within atoms and to the Atomic Age.

37. Sigmund Freud o He proposed ground breaking theories about the human mind and human nature. o Freud argued that human behavior is strongly influenced by past experiences and internal forces that people for the most part are not aware of. o His method was called psychoanalysis.

38. The Culture of Modernity  Between 1870 and 1914 many artists and writers rebelled against traditional artistic and literary styles, creating a style called modernism.  Symbolists argued that art should be about the inner life of people and should serve only art, not social progress.

39. Impressionism  Impressionism was a movement that began in France in the 1870s, Claude Monet was an impressionist.  Artists left the studio and painted outdoors, hoping to capture the light that illuminated objects, rather than the objects themselves.

40. Claude Monet French Impressionist Painter

41. Vincent van Gogh  Postimpressionism arose in France and Europe in the 1880s. Vincent van Gogh was a famous Postimpressionist.  For him, art was a spiritual experience. He believed color was its own kind of language.  Postimpressionism arose in France and Europe in the 1880s. Vincent van Gogh was a famous Postimpressionist.  For him, art was a spiritual experience. He believed color was its own kind of language.

42. The Starry Night

43. George Eastman  Art begins to focused less on accuracy. This job was given to the emerging genre of photography. Photography spread after George Eastman created his first Kodak camera in 1888. Now anyone could capture reality.

44. Modern Art  Artists came to see their strength was in creating reality, not mirroring it as the camera did. These artists found meaning in individual consciousness and created modern art.

45. Pablo Picasso  famous figure in modern art.  He was Spanish and began his career by 1905.  He created a new style, called cubism, that used geometric designs to recreate reality. He painted objects from many different views at once.

46. Abstract Painting  In 1910 abstract painting began with Wassily Kandinsky, who sought to avoid visual reality entirely.

47. Functionalism  Modernism in architecture gave rise to functionalism— buildings should be designed to be useful. In the United States, the Chicago School architect Louis H. Sullivan designed skyscrapers and other Chicago landmarks.

48. Frank Lloyd Wright "Form Follows Function” Frank Lloyd Wright was one of Sullivan’s most successful pupils.