1. French Revolution-1789 Uprising of the underprivileged Influenced by the American Revolution Will overthrow the Bourbon Monarchy

2. Causes of the French Revolution Ancine Regime –Monarch holds total power –No legislative body/representative assembly –Privilege to nobility Unfair tax system Inflation High government debt

3. Why did the French have so much debt? Foreign Wars High costs at court (Louis XIV-Versailles) Extravagant spending by the king and queen

4. Estates General May 1789 Gathering of the three estates of France –Church (First Estate) –Nobles (Second Estate) –Commoners (Third Estate) Advised the king Gain support for unpopular royal policy

5. Estates General (Cont.) Called together by King Louis XVI King wanted to raise taxes –Had not been called in 175 years –Set the revolution in motion Unfair voting –Each estate-one vote –Church and Nobles voted together Third estate always out voted –Only estate who paid taxes or Taille

6. French National Assembly Formed by the Third Estate in opposition to Estate General Pledged the Tennis Court Oath Issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

7. Tennis Court Oath June 1789 Third Estates locked out by the king Meet at a large open hall called the Tennis Court Vow to continue to meet until a French Constitution was produced

8. Storming of the Bastille French prison July 14, 1789 Began the French Revolution Bastille Day –French Independence Day celebrated on July 14th

9. Louis XVI Forced to accept the National Assembly's decrees-July 1789

10. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Written by National Assembly-August 1789 Equal rights for all men Did not include political rights for women Thomas Jefferson was a consultant –U.S. Minister to Paris Influenced by U.S. Declaration of Independence Enlightenment

11. Parisian women Armed with knives and brooms Marched to Versailles Wanted bread for their children (financial struggle) Captured Louis XVI and his family-October 1789

12. Marie Antoinette Wife of Louis XVI

13. Constitution 1791 Established by the National Assembly Created a law making body called the Legislative Assembly (limited monarchy) Abolished the ancine regime Accepted by Louis XVI

14. Louis XVI Attempts to flee France (June, 1791), but is captured

15. War with Austria Austria and Prussia plan attack to restore Louis XVI to the throne Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria France badly defeated

16. Paris Commune Economic and political chaos led to the rise of a new faction Paris Commune seized power from the Legislative assembly Forced to call a National Convention –Chosen by universal male suffrage –Decide new form of government Begins the radical phase of the Revolution

17. Paris Commune (Cont.) Led by Georges Danton Made up of Sans-culottes –“without breeches” –Ordinary patriots without fine clothes –Wanted revenge on supports of the king

18. National Convention September 1792 Acts as new sovereign ruling body of France Pursed a policy dechrisitianization Adopted a new calendar Abolish the Monarch-September 21 Divided on fate of the king

19. Factions in the National Convention Jacobin Club (Radical political group) –Girondins- keep the king alive –Mountain-execute the king Mountain take control

20. Louis XVI Executed (January 1793) –Foreign armies prepare to invade France- restore status quo National Convention creates the Committee of Public Safety

21. Committee of Public Safety Given broad powers to defend France from threats Curb anarchy and counterrevolution Begins a “Reign of Terror” –Purge internal enemies of France –Over 40,000 executed –All social classes

22. Guillotine Used by the revolutionaries to execute opponents

23. Maximilien Robespierre Radical Jacobin Brutal head of the Committee of Public Safety Believed Reign of Terror would be followed by the Republic of Virtue Lost his supporters and was beheaded by the guillotine

24. Republic of Virtue Democratic nation composed of good citizens, which the Committee of Public Safety tried to establish

25. End of the Reign of Terror Robespierre executed Republic of Virtue never realized People wanted political stability

26. Directory 1795-1799 Established after the Reign of Terror Five man executive committee chosen by a Council of Elders Overthrown by Napoleon's coup d etat

27. Napoleon General of French Army at 26 Fought enemies of France all over Europe Married Josephine in 1796 Overthrew the Directory -1799 Emperor of France 1804-1814

28. Napoleon’s Grand Empire Consisted of: –The French Empire –The Dependent States –The Allied States

29. Code Napoleon (Internal) Reform of legal system and education in France Codification (organization) of French civil (not military or religious) laws Based on Enlightenment principals –Equality –Separation of church and state Remains basis of French law today

30. War with Europe (External) Napoleonic Wars; 1796-1815 Wars on countries of Europe –Austria –Prussia –Spain –Russia –Britain

31. Continental System Napoleon’s plan to weaken the British economy Cut off all trade to Britain by French allies and neutral countries

32. British Response British set up blockades of French ports –Countries could only trade with France through Britain Led to War of 1812 –U.S. vs. Great Britain in North America –Restricted right of neutral ships to trade freely with Europe

33. Napoleonic Wars 1796-1815 Wars on the continent of Europe

34. Napoleon’s Army Grande Armee Promotion based on ability only, not rank or birth Land victories –Russia –Austria –Prussia Defeat on water –Great Britain

35. Russia Napoleon invades Russia 1812-Napoleon takes Moscow Defeated Napoleon’s Grand Army by retreating and burning their own villages and countryside French retreat –Severe winter weather –No supplies –500,000 deaths

36. Battle of Leipzig 1813 Napoleon’s Grand Armee defeated 1814-Napoloen abdicates as Emperor of France; first exile

37. End of Napoleon’s Empire Survival of Great Britain –Failure of the Continental System Nationalism outside France –Resistance to French control –Success of Nationalism in France

38. Elba Island off the coast of Tuscany, where Napoleon was first exiled

39. Louis XVIII Restored the Bourbon monarchy in France Brother of Louis XVI

40. Hundred Days Napoleon returns from Exile Takes control of France Begins building a new army

41. Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 International peace conference Met to prevent the rise of another “Napoleon” Continued to meet during the Hundred Days Austria, Britain, Prussia, Russia, France under Louis XVIII

42. Napoleon’s Final Defeat Waterloo (Belgium) by the Duke of Wellington June 1815 –Napoleon’s second abdication –Second exile

43. St. Helena Island Napoleon was exiled after his final defeat

44. Outcomes of French Revolution and Napoleon’s Empire Spread revolution throughout Europe Movement to balance power Search for political stability