1. Heterogeneous ointments. Combined Ointments Author: ass. Yu.Yu. Plaskonis

2. Ointments - suspensions are ointments, in the complement of which medicinal matters enter soluble neither in basis nor in water. If the total amount of these substances less than 5%, ground them with fluid, which is similar in characteristics to the base: hydrophilic base – Aqua purificata, Vaselinum- olium vaselini, fatty base - stone oil. Liquids are by rule Deryahina ½ the mass of dry matter. If the total amount of these substances more than 5%, they are ground by the rule DERYAGIN with ½ of the mass of dry matter molten basis.

3. Ointments-suspension - this ointment containing solid powder, crushed to the smallest size of drug substances insoluble in water and the basis and distributed it to the type of suspension (exceptions are Zinci sulphatis and Resorcini). If the amount of insoluble substances in the ointment is from 5 to 20%, then they were carefully ground in a mortar, first in a dry form, and then with half the quantity of the molten mass of dry matter basis.Use of auxiliary fluids in this case is pointless, because it will cause dilution of ointment and decrease the concentration of drugs.

4. Rp.: Unguenti Str е ptocidi 3 % 10,0 Da. Signa: Grease wounds. This suspension ointment containing solids less than 5% (3%). Streptocidi (0.3 g) as a substance that is difficult crushed, crushed in the presence of a few drops of Spiriti aethilici, and then carefully ground with a few drops (0.15 g) Olei Vaselini and received up to this mass obtained in 2-3 receptions give Vaselini with constant stirring to obtain a homogeneous mass.

6. Rp.: Ungu е nti X е roformii 100,0 Da. Signa: Ointment for bandages. To prepare this ointment take 10.0 Xerophormi and 90.0 Vaselini. In a mortar X е roformii milled first in a dry form, and then with half the quantity (5.0 g) melted Vaselini. After that, in several stages, with careful ground add Vaselini, which remained.

8. Rp.:Norsulfazoli-0,5 Lanolini Vaselini - ana 5,0 M., f. ung. D. S. Smear of nasal inputs 2 times a day. Technology. In the mortar put 0.5 Norsulfazoli and rubbing in dry form first, then with 6 drops of Olei Vaselini (per rule Deryahina). By mixing in the pulp obtained in 2-3 receptions added 5.0 Lanolini hydricae, and 5.0 Vaselini until a homogeneous mixture.

9. Written passport control (reverse side) % Norsulphazoli 10,5 – 100% 0,5 – х х = 4,8% Olei Vaselini 1.0 - 23 drops 0.25 - x =6 drops

10. Written passport control (front side) Date Number of prescription Norsulfazoli 0,5 Olei Vaselini gtts. VI (1,0 – 23 drops.) Lanolini hydrici 5,0 Vaselini 5,0 M general= 10,5 Prepared: Tested:

11. Pasta - this ointment containing more than 20% (by SP Ukraine) solid phase. They are characterized by a dense consistency. When the human body temperature paste only soften, not melt, and therefore may be more time to linger on the skin. Depending on the destination of feed divided into: Dermatological, dental medical tooth.

12. Dermatological pastes prepare by mixing of powdery medicinal matters with molten basis. Addition of liquid it follows to avoid for grinding of hard matters, so as it results in dilution of paste. Medicinal nonsolutes which are included in paste grind in shallow powder, mix up in the heated mortar and gradually at the careful stirring add molten basis to them

13. Rp.: Acidi salicylici 0,4 Zinci oxydi Amyli aa 5,0 Vaselini 10,0 Misce, fiat pasta Da. Signa: Pasta Lassara. Zinci oxydi, Acidi salicylici and Amyli did not dissolve in water and Vaselini. Salicylic acid in the friction creates dust that irritate mucous membranes. In the porcelain cup in a water bath melted Vaseline. In mortar warmed (50 ° C) milled Zinci oxydi, mixed with Acidi salicylici and part of the molten Vaselini (5.0 g). To add weight chilled parts starch (starch when mixed with hot Vaselini may form a starch paste), add the remaining melted Vaselini and mix until a homogeneous mixture.

14. Ointment -emulsion - a heterogeneous system consisting of two phases and have a surface section of the phase and environment. This includes water solution or water soluble drug substances, which form the ointment basis emulsion, mainly type W / O

15. Medicinal substances are easily soluble in water and prescribe in small quantities (less than 5%). Dissolved in a minimum amount of water. If they are written in large quantities, they do not dissolve in water (except Collargolum, Protargolum, Tanninum), and injected in ointment on the type of suspension. Dry and thick extract is injected into the ointments after preliminary rubbing them with alcohol-water-glycerol (1:6:3) mixture

18. Ointments -type emulsion W / O Rp.: Kalii iodidi 5.0 Natrii thiosulfatis 0.1 Aquae purificatae 4.4ml Lanolini anhydrici 13.5 Axungiae porcinae 27.0 Misce fiat unguentum Da. Signa. For embracation.

19. Kalii iodidi and Natrii thiosulfatis dissolved in water and the resulting solution is emulsified anhydrous lanolini. By the obtained emulsion is added with stirring, thick emulsion based water / Vaselinum. Ointment should have a yellowish colour. Adding Natrii thiosulfatis aims binding free iodine, which can be distinguished even at short storage. Presence of the brown colour indicates the ointment selection of free iodine, and in this case, an ointment for application useless. If a part of the iodine ointment is prescribed, it is prepared without adding Natrii thiosulfatis.

20. Ointments -emulsions type O/W are typical cooling ointments. Emulsifier in them is soap.

21. Rp.: Stearini 10.0 Kalii carbonatis 1.0 Natrii tetraboratis 0.5 Olei Vaselini 15.0 Aquae purificatae 70 ml Misce fiat unguentum Da. Signa.

22. In warm aquatic solution of Kalii carbonatis and Natrii tetraboratis at permanent interfusion add an alloy to the Stearini a thin stream with butter. There is densifying of mass.

23. Combined ointment - a complex multicomponent ointments, containing in its structure several drugs with different physic -chemical properties, which require production of various types, ointments: suspensions, emulsions, solutions, alloys.

24. Making combined ointments governed by the same rules set forth in the technology of individual types of ointments. At the same time taking into account the availability of emerging combinations (eg, ointment, suspension and solution or ointment, emulsion and ointment, solution, etc.) there are different possible sequence of technological steps, which must be rational.

25. In terms of pharmaceutical manufacturing ointments combined spend in the same mortar, if necessary, shifting the previously received part of the ointment in the nose or on the wall mortar. Therefore, if the composition of the combined ointment are medicinal substances which form the suspension type ointment, appropriately the first in a mortar to prepare an ointment- suspension.

26. Combined ointments are made in the following sequence: ointment- suspension, ointment-solution, ointment-emulsion. * Ointments-alloys can be prepared as appropriate

27. Technological stages of preparation of ointments-suspensions 1. Compliance with Sanitary and training jobs 2. Weight drugs. 3. Mixing rules for the preparation of complex powders. 4. Weight basis 5. Dispersion with the auxiliary liquid or waterlogged foundation 6. Mixing

28. Technological stages of preparation of ointments-emulsions 1. Compliance with Sanitary and training jobs 2. Weight drugs 3. Mixing for rules for the preparation of complex powders. 4. Weight emulsifier 5. Dissolve in water purified 6. Emulsification

29. Rp.: Ephedrini hydrochloridi 0.1 Mentholi 0.15 Protargoli 0.5 Lanolini10.0 Vaselini 10.0 Misce fiat unguentum Da. Signa Ointment for the nose.

30. The composition of the ointment include Eph е drini hydrochloridi and Protargoli, soluble in water, forming an emulsion-ointment, and menthol, which is soluble in base, ointment-forming solution (in amounts less than 5%). First, prepare the appropriate ointment-solution, and then ointment -emulsion. Given that dissolve Protargoli and Eph е drini hydrochloridi with undesirable (the action of the electrolyte on the colloidal solution), an ointment is prepared as follows: in a mortar and triturated 0,15 Menthoii with a few drops of Olei Vaselini mixed with part of Vaselini.

31. The resulting mixture was relegated to the spout mortar. In a mortar made of Eph е drini hydrochloridi and dissolved in 1 / 2 parts water (6 drops), which is part of the water lanolin (30%). The resulting solution emulsified part anhydrous lanolin, mixed with a solution of Menthoii in Vaselini and relegated to the spout mortar. Then Protargoli triturated with 6 drops of Glycerin are dissolved in water, the remainder (6 drops), emulsified other lanolin, mixed with the content of mortar and the remainder Vaselini jelly until smooth.