1. The Persuasive Interview Chapter 10 COMM 3420

2. 5 Conditions for Persuasion Your proposal must create or address an urgent need or one or more desires or motives. Your proposal and you as persuader must be consistent with the interviewee’s beliefs, attitudes, and values.

3. 5 Conditions for Persuasion Your proposal must be feasible, workable, practical, or affordable. Your proposal’s benefits must outweigh objections. No better course of action is available.

4. Analyzing the Interviewee Physical and Mental Characteristics –Carefully ask questions –Avoid Stereotyping

5. Analyzing the Interviewee Socioeconomic Background –Consider memberships –Culture Values –Survival –Social –Success –Independence –Progress

6. Analyzing the Interviewee –Beliefs Values are the foundations of our belief system –Attitudes Predictive power Know what is possible, likely and impossible (Social Judgment Theory) Low credibility reduces persuasion Similarities enhance interests and attention

7. Traits and States Reward Slap on the Wrist $500 Fine 5 years in prison 20 years in prison Life with parole Life without parole Death Death by torture Latitude of Rejection Non- commitment X Latitude of Acceptance Lat. Of Rejection Latitude of Rejection Non- commitment Lat. Of Rejection X Latitude of Acceptance Sylvia Paul

8. Researching the Issue Be the best informed, most authoritative person in each interview Investigate all aspects of the topic, including events that may contribute to the problem

9. Researching the Issue Types of Evidence –Examples: factual and hypothetical –Statistics on relevant areas –Statements from acknowledged authorities… testimonials –Comparisons and contrasts between situations

10. Planning the Interview Selecting strategies: –Identification Theory Consubstantiality Mirroring –Balance or Consistency Theory Cognitive dissonance –Inoculation Theory Set up a straw man –Induced Compliance Theory Argue the negative—they argue the positive. Foot in the door strategy –Psychological Reactance Theory Scarcity Restrict their freedom to accept your proposal

11. Planning the Interview Developing the Main points – Do not rely on a single reason or point – Too many points may overload the interviewee with information. –Do not go to your next point until there is some kind of agreement. –Know the strength of each point and introduce it strategically

12. Structuring the Interview Opening the Interview – Design your opening to gain attention, establish rapport, and motivate the interviewee – Adapt the opening to each interviewee and setting –Don’t rush, but don’t waste time. – Involve the interviewee from the start so as to foster an active role throughout the interaction Not the sage on the stage but the guide on the side…

13. Structuring the Interview Body of the interview 1.Create/discover a Need or Desire Develop one point at a time. Encourage interaction and interviewee involvement

14. Structuring the Interview 2.Get information –Discover new information that will help you determine what is best for the interviewee and how you can best persuade

15. Structuring the Interview 3.Presenting the Solution –Details and Evaluation –If there are more than one solution, deal with them one at a time –Help interviewees make decisions that are best for them at this time

16. Structuring the Interview Closing the Interview –Summary –Elimination of objection –Either-or –Think it over –Sense of urgency –Price close

17. Conducting the Interview Types of Interviewees –The indecisive –Hostile Yes-but Yes-Yes Implicate approach –Close-minded and Authoritarian Facts are not enough –Shopping-Around Inoculation theory –Intelligent and Educated Least persuadable Demand support for all ideas

18. Conducting the Interview Using Questions –Information-Gathering Questions Interviewee’s background, needs, values, beliefs, attitudes – Verification Questions –Encouraging Interaction Questions –Attention and Interest Questions –Agreement Questions To obtain small agreements that will lead to larger ones

19. Conducting the Interview Handling Objections – Do not assume there are no objections just because the interviewee does not raise questions

20. Conducting the Interview –Some common objections to persuasive interviews are: Procrastination Money Tradition Uncertain future Need

21. Conducting the Interview Minimize the Objection –Minimize the objection by restating it to seem less important or by comparing it to other weightier matters –Provide evidence to lessen impact of objection

22. Conducting the Interview Capitalize on the Objection –Use the objection to clarify your own points: –review the proposal’s advantages, –offer more evidence, –isolate the motive behind the objection

23. Conducting the Interview Deny the objection –Directly or indirectly deny an objection by offering new and more accurate information.

24. Conducting the Interview Confirm the objection –Confirm the objection by agreeing with the interviewee