1. Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears Jackson - William Henry Harrison

2. Civilizing the Tribes 125,000 Native Americans still remained east of Mississippi Whites attempted to civilize the Natives – Promote literacy – Private property – Alphabet – Agriculture – Cotton – Slaveholding – Constitution 5 Civilized Tribes – Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, and Cherokees

3. Changing the Lines 1790s – tribes were separate nations and land was acquired by treaties By the early 1800s – whites redrew boundaries whenever they wanted

4. Cherokee Indians Lived peacefully in the Appalachian Mountains of Georgia and Tennessee Adopted culture of whites - wrote and spoke English Had own written language and newspaper Based their government on the U.S. Constitution

5. Worchester v. Georgia Supreme Court ruled the Cherokee were a Domestic Dependent Nation They didn’t have to listen to the state, but they did have to listen to the federal gov’t Marshall ruled that GA couldn’t take Cherokee Lands Jackson “Marshall can rule, but let’s see him enforce it.”

6. President Andrew Jackson “Chief Justice John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.” 1)What is the job of the Supreme Court? 2)What is the job of the President? 3)What should happen if a government official refuses to do his job?

7. Black Hawk War 1827 - US govt says all Native Americans must leave Illinois Chief Black Hawk of the Sauk refuses, saying no one can own land US settlers moved into village when they were away hunting After Sauk attacks, US troops drive out Indians

8. Indian Removal Act President Jackson pushes Congress to force Indians to move west of the Mississippi Congress established Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) as the new Indian homeland US govt creates Bureau of Indian Affairs

9. John C. Calhoun “One of the greatest evils to which they (Indians) are subject is the incessant (constant) pressure of our population.” 1)According to John C. Calhoun, why is the US government forcing the Native Americans to move off of their homelands? 2)What is wrong with this statement?

10. Trail of Tears Georgia govt. smashes in Cherokee printing press US troops move 15,000- 18,000 Cherokee at gunpoint 800 miles from 1838-1839 25% of Cherokee died - most elderly and children

12. WAS THE TRAIL OF TEARS AMERICA’S GENOCIDE?

13. King Andrew v. Whigs Whig Party – anti Jackson; chose name to recollect American opposition to a monarch Members: – Anti Jackson – Support Clay’s American System – Southerners who wanted nullification – Northern industrialists and merchants – Evangelical Protestants of the Anti Masonics Sectionalism?

15. Whigs Progressive Thinkers – Support active gov’t – Internal improvements – Institutions (prisons and schools)

16. Martin Van Buren v. Whigs Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren – Walking in Jackson’s boots Whigs – couldn’t nominate a single presidential candidate

18. Van Buren As President Democrats resented him Couldn’t fill Jackson’s boots Wanted to remain neutral

19. Panic of 1837 Speculation Wildcat Banks Jackson’s finance Failure of crops “Martin Van Ruin”

21. Election of 1840 William Henry Harrison War Hero Old Tippecanoe “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” FFV of Virginia Martin Van Buren Current President of hard times