1. The War in the Pacific The United States in World War II #3

2. I. The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide A. Battles in the Pacific A. Battles in the Pacific 1. After Pearl Harbor, General Douglas MacArthur army was forced to retreat from the Philippines. 1. After Pearl Harbor, General Douglas MacArthur army was forced to retreat from the Philippines. 2. The Doolittle raid lifted American morale when 16 bombers dropped bombs over Tokyo. 2. The Doolittle raid lifted American morale when 16 bombers dropped bombs over Tokyo.

3. 3. The Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942 resulted in the Americans and Australians succeeding in stopping the Japanese drive toward Australia. 3. The Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942 resulted in the Americans and Australians succeeding in stopping the Japanese drive toward Australia. 4. The Battle of Midway on June 3, 1942 resulted in U.S. planes sinking 4 aircraft carriers and 250 planes. 4. The Battle of Midway on June 3, 1942 resulted in U.S. planes sinking 4 aircraft carriers and 250 planes. 5. The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the war and the Americans began their “island hopping toward Japan. 5. The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the war and the Americans began their “island hopping toward Japan.

5. “I shall return.” “I shall return.” MacArthur’s pledge after he was forced to leave the Philippines. MacArthur’s pledge after he was forced to leave the Philippines.

13. Do the skill builder questions 1,2 on p. 580 Do the skill builder questions 1,2 on p. 580

14. II. The Allies go on the Offensive A. Japanese Defense A. Japanese Defense 1. After Midway the U.S. started winning battles. 1. After Midway the U.S. started winning battles. 2. The battle of Guadalcanal began in August 1942 and after 6 months of fighting the Japanese had suffered their first defeat on land. 2. The battle of Guadalcanal began in August 1942 and after 6 months of fighting the Japanese had suffered their first defeat on land. 3. In October, 1944 MacArthur invaded the Philippines at Leyte Gulf and MacArthur had returned to free the Filipino people.

15. 4. As a result of these repeated defeats Japan began to use the Kamikaze. 4. As a result of these repeated defeats Japan began to use the Kamikaze. 5. The Kamikaze were Japanese pilots who crashed their bomb laden planes into U.S. ships. 5. The Kamikaze were Japanese pilots who crashed their bomb laden planes into U.S. ships. 6. Despite the damage of the Kamikaze pilots Japan lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13 cruisers and almost 500 planes in the battle for Leyte Gulf. 6. Despite the damage of the Kamikaze pilots Japan lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13 cruisers and almost 500 planes in the battle for Leyte Gulf.

19. B. Iwo Jima B. Iwo Jima 1. After the retaking of the Philippines Americans began to move quickly toward Japan. 1. After the retaking of the Philippines Americans began to move quickly toward Japan. 2. Iwo Jima, an island of cold lava was defended by 20,700 Japanese soldiers in tunnels and caves. 2. Iwo Jima, an island of cold lava was defended by 20,700 Japanese soldiers in tunnels and caves. 3. 6,000 marines died taking this island and only 200 Japanese survived. 3. 6,000 marines died taking this island and only 200 Japanese survived.

23. C. Okinawa C. Okinawa 1. In April 1945 U.S. marines invaded Okinawa. 1. In April 1945 U.S. marines invaded Okinawa. 2. 7,600 marines died, but over 110,000 Japanese died. 2. 7,600 marines died, but over 110,000 Japanese died. 3. The battle of Okinawa was a chilling preview to the loss of life that would occur if the Allies invaded Japan. Churchill predicted that one million Americans would lose their lives. 3. The battle of Okinawa was a chilling preview to the loss of life that would occur if the Allies invaded Japan. Churchill predicted that one million Americans would lose their lives.

26. III. The Atomic Bomb Ends the War A. The Manhattan Project A. The Manhattan Project 1. Led by Robert Oppenheimer this project was the most ambitious scientific experiment in history. 1. Led by Robert Oppenheimer this project was the most ambitious scientific experiment in history. 2. The first nuclear test took place in the desert near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945. 2. The first nuclear test took place in the desert near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945.

29. B. Hiroshima and Nagasaki B. Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1. The plane Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb, “Little Boy” on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. 1. The plane Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb, “Little Boy” on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. 2. The second bomb “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 after the Japanese refused to surrender. 2. The second bomb “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 after the Japanese refused to surrender. 3. Japan officially surrendered on September 2, 1945 and WWII officially ended. 3. Japan officially surrendered on September 2, 1945 and WWII officially ended.

38. IV. Rebuilding Begins A. Yalta, Nuremberg, and Japan A. Yalta, Nuremberg, and Japan 1. At the Yalta Conference in Feb, 1945 the Big Three discussed the fate of Germany and the creation of the United Nations. 1. At the Yalta Conference in Feb, 1945 the Big Three discussed the fate of Germany and the creation of the United Nations. 2. The Nuremberg Trials were held to try Nazi party leaders for their war crimes and racial persecution of Jews. 2. The Nuremberg Trials were held to try Nazi party leaders for their war crimes and racial persecution of Jews. 3. MacArthur introduced capitalism to Japan, introduced free elections and rebuilt Japan from its ashes of defeat. 3. MacArthur introduced capitalism to Japan, introduced free elections and rebuilt Japan from its ashes of defeat.