1. Chapter 25 section 4
The War in the Pacific

2. Bataan Death March
Brutal March of American and Filipino prisoners by Japanese soldiers in 1942
Denied water and rest
Many beaten and tortured
More than 10,000 died during the 6-10 day ordeal

3. Geneva Convention Conducted in 1929
Stated that “prisoners of war shall at all times be humanely treated and protected, particularly against acts of violence.”
Bataan Death March a clear violation of the Geneva Convention

4. Why was the United States unable to defend the Philippines successfully?
American troops were surprised by the Japanese
The Philippines were too distant from the U.S. to reinforce with more American troops to make a difference

5. Battle of the Coral Sea
May US and Australian forces intercept Japanese fleet targeting Australia-Battle of the Coral Sea
New Warfare-all fighting done with carrier-based planes-opposing ships never saw each other

6. Why was the Battle of the Coral Sea important to the Allies?
Allies lost more ships than Japanese
Japanese fleet too short of fuel to continue to Australia-1st time Japanese had been stopped
Moral victory for the US
Allies lost more ships than Japanese
Japanese fleet too short of fuel to continue to Australia-1st time Japanese had been stopped
Moral victory for the US

7. Battle of Midway
June Chester Nimitz-commander of American forces in Pacific- learned Japanese invasion force heading for Midway then on to Pearl Harbor
110 Japanese ships
Largest assemblage of naval power in history

8. Battle of Midway
US outnumbered 4 to 1-prepared a surprise for Japanese at Midway
Americans ordered to inflict maximum damage on the enemy

9. Battle of Midway
Japanese lose 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, 322 planes
Americans avenged Pearl Harbor

10. Battle of Guadalcanal
1st land offensive of Japanese war- Guadalcanal in Solomon Islands
19,000 marines
6 months later-Japanese leave
1st Japanese defeat on land

11. How did the Battle of Midway and the Battle of Guadalcanal change the course of the war in the Pacific?
The losses sustained by Japan during the Battle of Midway prevented the Japanese from launching any further offensive operations in the Pacific
In the Battle of Guadalcanal, the Americans conquered their first piece of Japanese-held territory

12. Island Hopping Lots of distance between island on in the Pacific
Japanese troops dug in on hundreds of islands
Taking each island would be long and costly
Americans “leapfrogged” Japanese strongholds
Seized less-fortified islands, built airfields, used airpower to cut Japanese supply lines
Starved out Japanese strong points

13. Why were aircraft carriers crucial to the Japanese and American war efforts?
Carrier-based aircraft could attack the opposing fleet from a great distance without the need for a land base
Carriers are highly mobile
Air strikes could be carried out anywhere in the Pacific

14. Battle of Leyte Gulf
October ,000 Allied troops & 280 ships converge on Leyte Island in the Philippines
Japanese throw entire fleet into the battle
Japanese introduce kamikaze-suicide plane
In the Philippines- 424 kamikazes-sunk 16 US ships and damaged another 80
Leyte Gulf a disaster for Japan
Lost 3 battleships
4 aircraft carriers
13 cruisers
400 planes

15. Kamikaze Japanese suicide plane
Effective because they inflicted massive amounts of damage

16. Battle of Iwo Jima US could use this as abase to attack Japan
Most heavily defended spot on earth
20,700 Japanese dug into Iwo Jima
6,000 marines died taking Iwo Jima

17. Iwo Jima
200 Japanese survived
Last obstacle was Okinawa

18. Battle of Okinawa Japan’s last defensive outpost
Unleashed 1,900 kamikazes
Sunk 30 allied ships
Killed 5,000 US sailors
Fighting ends June 22, 1945
More than 7,600 Americans died
110,000 Japanese die
If Okinawa was defended this fiercely, what would an invasion of Japan be like?
Churchill predicted 1million American lives and 500,000 British

19. How did the Battle of Okinawa influence the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan?
If Okinawa was defended this fiercely, what would an invasion of Japan be like?
Churchill predicted 1million American lives and 500,000 British

20. Manhattan Project
Manhattan Project- project to develop the atomic bomb
Most ambitious scientific project in history
Best kept secret of he war
More than 600,000 Americans were involved in the project-few actually knew the purpose

21. How was the atomic bomb different from other war technology?
It was the most powerful weapon ever created and had the potential to destroy hundreds of thousands of lives with a single bomb

22. Alternatives to dropping the atomic bombs
1. A massive invasion of Japan, expected to cause million of Allied casualties
2. A naval blockade to starve Japan, along with continued conventional bombing
3. A demonstration of the new weapon on a deserted island to pressure Japan to surrender
4. A softening of Allied demands for unconditional surrender

23. Hiroshima
August 6, 1945
Enola Gay released atomic bomb code named Little Boy over Hiroshima
an important Japanese military center
43 seconds later, the city collapsed to dust
Japanese leaders still hesitated to surrender

24. Nagasaki
August 9, a second atomic bomb-Fat Man- was dropped on Nagasaki
Leveled half the city
By the end of ,000 people had died due to the atomic bombs

25. Japanese Surrender
September 2, 1945-Japanese formally surrender on board the USS Missouri