2. Science Fundamentals: Metrics, Density, & Scientific Notation

3. Topic: Metric System Objectives: I will know how the metric system is based on powers of 10 I will understand the units of length, volume, and mass I will know to convert large numbers into scientific notation I will learn how to convert units of the metric system using dimensional analysis

4. Quickwrite If you were driving in Mexico or Canada, do you think they use Miles Per Hour (MPH) or some other way???? In football, the field is measured in yards, is the yard part of the metric system of English (standards) system???

5. Measurement: Metric System During labs, we will making measurements We will be measuring length, volume, and mass using the metric system The metric system is based on units of 10

6. The Meter Stick 37-38 = 1 centimeter With 10 millimeters inside 40-50 = 1 decimeter With 10 centimeters inside Here is one meter stick shrunken down

7. This is 1 meter (Remember 1 meter is much larger) 1 meter = 10 decimeters 1 meter = 100 centimeters 1 meter = 1000 millimeters Divide by powers of 10!

8. PrefixNumberWord Kilo- 1000Thousand Hecto- 100Hundred Decka- 10Ten Meter, Gram, Liter 1 Deci- 1/10 or 0.1 One Tenth Centi- 1/100 or 0.01 One Hundredth Milli- 1/1000 or 0.001 One Thousandth Metric System Units In the metric System Each unit 10 times bigger or smaller

10. What is the Metric System? A decimal system of units based on powers of____ where the meter is the unit length, the gram as a unit mass, and Liter as a unit of volume Answer Bank Weighing length Liter 1000 Space Volume 10 mass

11. What is the Metric System? A decimal system of units based on powers of 10 where the meter is the unit length, the gram as a unit mass, and Liter as a unit of volume

12. Basic Units of the Metric System Mass –When we mass or weigh something we use the gram Length –When we measure distance or length, we use the meter Volume –To measure volume (how much space an object takes up) we use the liter

13. Meter To measure length, we will use the meter Simple conversion rules to remember include: 1 meter = 100 centimeters or 1 meter = 1000 millimeters 1 kilometer = 1000 meters

14. Problem: If you drove 5 kilometers to school, how many meters did you drive? Remember: 1km = 1000 meters Answer: 5000 meters

15. What is the Meter?  The meter is used to measure _____ and distance 1 meter = 100 centimeters or 1 meter = 1000 millimeters or 1 kilometer = 1000 meters or 1m 100cm 1m 1000mm 1km 1000m Answer Bank Weighing Length Liter 1000 Space Volume 10 mass

16. What is the Meter?  The meter is used to measure length and distance 1 meter = 100 centimeters or 1 meter = 1000 millimeters or 1 kilometer = 1000 meters or 1m 100cm 1m 1000mm 1km 1000m

17. Gram When we want to find the mass of something, how much “stuff” an object is made of, we will use the gram 1 gram = 100 centigrams 1 gram = 1000 milligrams 1 kilogram = 1000 grams

18. Problem: If your pencil weighed 9 grams, how many milligrams does it weigh? Remember: 1gm = 1000 milligrams Answer: 9000 milligrams

19. What is the Gram?  A gram is used to measure ______  Mass is a measure how much ____ (or matter) the object is made of 1 gram = 100 centigrams or 1 gram = 1000 milligrams or 1 kilogram = 1000 grams or 1g 100cg 1g 1000mg 1kg 1000g Answer Bank stuff length Liter 1000 Space Volume 10 mass

20. What is the Gram?  A gram is used to measure MASS  Mass is a measure how much stuff (or matter) the object is made of 1 gram = 100 centigrams or 1 gram = 1000 milligrams or 1 kilogram = 1000 grams or 1g 100cg 1g 1000mg 1kg 1000g

21. Liter To find the volume of an object, we will use the liter Volume is how much space an object takes up 1 Liter = 100 centiliters 1 Liter = 1000 milliliters 1 kiloliter = 1000 liters

22. What is a Liter? A liter is used to VOLUME Volume is a measure of the amount of ____ an object uses up 1 Liter = 100 centiliters or 1 Liter = 1000 milliliters or 1 kiloliter = 1000 liters or 1L 100cL 1L 1000mL 1kL 1000L Answer Bank Weighing length Liter 1000 Space 10 mass

23. What is a Liter? A liter is used to measure Volume Volume is a measure of the amount of space an object uses up 1 Liter = 100 centiliters or 1 Liter = 1000 milliliters or 1 kiloliter = 1000 liters or 1L 100cL 1L 1000mL 1kL 1000L

24. Mass: Your ipod weighs 8 grams, how many milligrams does it weigh? Basic Unit: Meter, Gram, Liter 8 8,000

25. Length: Your bike is 2 meters in length, how many centimeters long is it? Basic Unit: Meter, Gram, Liter 2.0 200.0 1 meter = 100 centimeters

26. Volume: For breakfast, you drank 300 milliliters of orange juice, how many centiliters did you drink? Basic Unit: Meter, Gram, Liter 30.0 300.0

27. Dimensional Analysis Moving the decimal is easy But this is chemistry, things aren’t EZ in chemistry!!!! Were now going to learn about a new to method of conversion called Dimensional Analysis!

28. Dimensional Analysis: Another way we can convert be units is by Dimensional Analysis Steps: 1.What units are you solving for? 2.What units are you given? 3.Write the possible conversion factors. 4.Start with what you know. 5.Set up calculation so that units cancel. 6.Solve the problem. 7.Does the answer make sense?

29. Dimensional Analysis Practice: You drove 7 kilometers to school today. How many meters did you drive? 1. What units are you solving for?2. What units are you given? 6. Solve the problem 3. What are the conversion factors? 5. Set up the calculation so the units cancel 4. Start with what you know 7. Does the answer make sense 1000 meters 1 kilometers = meters = 7000 meters Kilometers 7 Kilometers

30. Dimensional Analysis Practice: You drove 7 kilometers to school today. How many miles did you drive? 1. What units are you solving for?2. What units are you given? 6. Solve the problem 3. What are the conversion factors? 5. Set up the calculation so the units cancel 4. Start with what you know 7. Does the answer make sense 1 mile 1.6 kilometers = miles = 4.38 miles Kilometers 7 Kilometers 1 mile 1.6 kilometers

31. Dimensional Analysis Practice: A year is 365 days long. How many hours are in 1 year? How many minutes are in one year? 1. What units are you solving for?2. What units are you given? 6. Solve the problem 3. What are the conversion factors? 5. Set up the calculation so the units cancel 4. Start with what you know 7. Does the answer make sense 24 hours 1 day = hours = 8760 hours 365 Day 60 minutes 1 hour = minutes =525,600 minutes 8760 Hours

32. Scientific Notation To make large number seem small, scientist use something call scientific notation Lets look at he speed of light Light travels 9,500,000,000,000,000 kilometers in one year 9,500,000,000,000,000 written in scientific notation is -- 9.5 x 10 15

33. Scientific Notation How did I get 9.5 x 10 15 ? By moving the decimal over 15 places between the 9 and the 5 9,500,000,000,000,000 x 10 15

34. Scientific Notation You have about 50,000,000,000,000,000 cells in your body! Let’s write this in scientific notation x 10 16

35. What is Scientific Notation? A useful way to represent numbers that are very large or very small all numbers are written in a form of ______ of ten such as 9.5 x 10 15 Answer Bank Weighing length Liter 1000 Space 10 mass

36. What is Scientific Notation? A useful way to represent numbers that are very large or very small all numbers are written in a form of exponents of ten such as 9.5 x 10 15

37. Summarize: Compare and Contrast the Meter, Liter, and Gram, how are they different??? How are they simliar???? Use dimensional analysis to solve: 2000 milliLiters (mL) = _________ Liters (L) 400 centigrams (cg) = __________ grams (g) 8200Liters (L) = ____________ kiloLiters (kL)

38. Volume We use Volume when we want to find the capacity of something (how much liquid is inside) Volume is measured is liters

39. 2 ways we find volume: For simple shapes, like cubes and spheres, we can calculate them through basic math For example, to find the volume of a cube we measure the (Length x Width x Height) But, we'll let math class teach you that

40. 2 ways we find volume: If something has an irregular shape, how do we find the volume of it? The other way we find volume is by displacement

41. 2 ways we find volume: Let's say we want to find the volume of a rock You can't exactly take out a ruler and measure it like you could a cube or triangle

42. 2 ways we find volume: Here's how you do it: You drop the rock into water Obviously, the water level will rise But, by how much? The amount it rises equals the volume of the rock

43. How do we calculate volume by displacement? By submerging the object, this will cause the water level to rise The amount it rises, equals the volume of the rock in Liters

44. Mass -When we mass something, we measure how much stuff (or matter) the object is made of -Mass is measured in grams -We find mass by weighing the object

45. Mass What has more mass? You or me? In other words, who is made up of more stuff? You or me? What has more mass? The earth or me?

46. Summing up Mass and Weight Your MASS is the amount of material in your body. Your MASS doesn’t depend on where you are. Your WEIGHT is how much your body pushes down on a scale. Your WEIGHT depends on how much MASS you have and where you are. For example, your mass would be the same on both Earth and the Moon However, your weight would be different because the gravitational pull of Earth and the Moon is different http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/weight/index.html

47. Mass Density Which ways more, a kilogram of lead or kilogram of feathers? Obviously, they weigh the same, but one is more dense than the other

48. Density compares the mass of an object to its volume. In the density expression, the mass of an object or substance is written in the numerator and its volume in the denominator. D = mass = g or g = g/cm 3 volume mL cm 3 Note: 1 mL = 1 cm 3 Density

49. Lets imagine we have 2 cubes the same size However, now let us imagine that one cube is made of lead, and the other is made of Foam They both have the same size but which one is more dense? Lead Foam

50. Lead Density The lead Cube is! But why? Well, it all has to do with how much stuff is packed into the same amount of space! Foam

51. Density Let's look at these fish which are the same size Even though they are the same size they all have different densities They all have the same volume But, each fish has a different masse

52. Water and Density If you had a cube, and each side was 1 cm, what would it’s volume be? Length x Width x Height Now let’s imagine this cube is empty How much water would it take to fill it up? 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm = 1 cm 3 As it turns out, it takes 1 milliliter occupies 1 cubic centimeter or cm 3 In other words, 1mL = 1 cm 3 This is nice, because it makes the density of water is equal to 1

53. Water and Density Water has a density of 1 If an object sinks, it has a density greater than 1 If an object floats, it has a density less than 1

54. What is Density? Density compares the mass of an object to its volume. D = mass = g or g = g/cm3 volume mL cm3 Note: 1 mL = 1 cm3

55. Air Density Where is the air most dense? Closer or farther from the surface?

56. Population Density Where is the population the most dense? The east coast or the west coast?

57. Hair Density On which side is the hair more dense, the left or right?

58. Density Demo I am going to mix 3 fluids of different densities Pay attention and see if you can determine which fluid is the most dense, and which fluid is the least dense

59. Density Demo What fluid was the most dense? What fluid was the least dense?

60. Summary Volume by displacement is ….. Density compares the…. Density is equal to the mass divided by…..

61. Density Using Volume Displacement  In the example below, the volume of zinc is calculated from the displaced volume: (45.0 mL) - (35.5 mL) = 9.5 mL = 9.5 cm 3 Density zinc = mass = 68.60 g = 7.2 g/cm 3 volume 9.5 cm 3