2. Metrics, Density, & Matter

3. Topic: Metric System Objectives: Day 1 of 4 I will know how the metric system is based on powers of 10 I will understand the units of length, volume, and mass I will know to convert large numbers into scientific notation I will learn how to convert units of the metric system using dimensional analysis Unit: Metrics, Density & Matter

4. Quickwrite If you were driving in Mexico or Canada, do you think they use Miles Per Hour (MPH) or some other way???? In football, the field is measured in yards, is the yard part of the metric system of English (standards) system???

5. Measurement: Metric System During labs, we will making measurements We will be measuring length, volume, and mass using the metric system The metric system is based on units of 10

6. The Meter Stick 37-38 = 1 centimeter With 10 millimeters inside 40-50 = 1 decimeter With 10 centimeters inside Here is one meter stick shrunken down

7. This is 1 meter (Remember 1 meter is much larger) 1 meter = 10 decimeters 1 meter = 100 centimeters 1 meter = 1000 millimeters Divide by powers of 10!

8. PrefixNumberWord Kilo- 1000Thousand Hecto- 100Hundred Decka- 10Ten Meter, Gram, Liter 1 Deci- 1/10 or 0.1 One Tenth Centi- 1/100 or 0.01 One Hundredth Milli- 1/1000 or 0.001 One Thousandth Metric System Units In the metric System Each unit 10 times bigger or smaller

10. What is the Metric System? A decimal system of units based on powers of____ where the meter is the unit length, the gram as a unit mass, and Liter as a unit of volume Answer Bank Weighing length Liter 1000 Space Volume 10 mass

11. What is the Metric System? A decimal system of units based on powers of 10 where the meter is the unit length, the gram as a unit mass, and Liter as a unit of volume

12. Basic Units of the Metric System Mass –When we mass or weigh something we use the gram Length –When we measure distance or length, we use the meter Volume –To measure volume (how much space an object takes up) we use the liter

13. Meter To measure length, we will use the meter Simple conversion rules to remember include: 1 meter = 100 centimeters or 1 meter = 1000 millimeters 1 kilometer = 1000 meters

14. Problem: If you drove 5 kilometers to school, how many meters did you drive? Remember: 1km = 1000 meters Answer: 5000 meters

15. What is the Meter?  The meter is used to measure _____ and distance 1 meter = 100 centimeters or 1 meter = 1000 millimeters or 1 kilometer = 1000 meters or 1m 100cm 1m 1000mm 1km 1000m Answer Bank Weighing Length Liter 1000 Space Volume 10 mass

16. What is the Meter?  The meter is used to measure length and distance 1 meter = 100 centimeters or 1 meter = 1000 millimeters or 1 kilometer = 1000 meters or 1m 100cm 1m 1000mm 1km 1000m

17. Gram When we want to find the mass of something, how much “stuff” an object is made of, we will use the gram 1 gram = 100 centigrams 1 gram = 1000 milligrams 1 kilogram = 1000 grams

18. Problem: If your pencil weighed 9 grams, how many milligrams does it weigh? Remember: 1gm = 1000 milligrams Answer: 9000 milligrams

19. What is the Gram?  A gram is used to measure ______  Mass is a measure how much ____ (or matter) the object is made of 1 gram = 100 centigrams or 1 gram = 1000 milligrams or 1 kilogram = 1000 grams or 1g 100cg 1g 1000mg 1kg 1000g Answer Bank stuff length Liter 1000 Space Volume 10 mass

20. What is the Gram?  A gram is used to measure MASS  Mass is a measure how much stuff (or matter) the object is made of 1 gram = 100 centigrams or 1 gram = 1000 milligrams or 1 kilogram = 1000 grams or 1g 100cg 1g 1000mg 1kg 1000g

21. Liter To find the volume of an object, we will use the liter Volume is how much space an object takes up 1 Liter = 100 centiliters 1 Liter = 1000 milliliters 1 kiloliter = 1000 liters

22. What is a Liter? A liter is used to VOLUME Volume is a measure of the amount of ____ an object uses up 1 Liter = 100 centiliters or 1 Liter = 1000 milliliters or 1 kiloliter = 1000 liters or 1L 100cL 1L 1000mL 1kL 1000L Answer Bank Weighing length Liter 1000 Space 10 mass

23. What is a Liter? A liter is used to measure Volume Volume is a measure of the amount of space an object uses up 1 Liter = 100 centiliters or 1 Liter = 1000 milliliters or 1 kiloliter = 1000 liters or 1L 100cL 1L 1000mL 1kL 1000L

24. Mass: A paperclip weighs 7 grams, how many milligrams does it weigh? Basic Unit: Meter, Gram, Liter 7 7,000 70000 Milligrams

25. Length: You drove 6500 meters on your way to school this morning, how many kilometers did you drive? Basic Unit: Meter, Gram, Liter 6500.0 6.5 1 kilometer = 1000 meters 65000 Kilometers(km)

26. Volume: For breakfast, you drank 350 milliliters of orange juice, how many centiliters did you drink? Basic Unit: Meter, Gram, Liter 35.0 350.0 350 Centiliters(cL)

27. Dimensional Analysis Moving the decimal is easy But this is chemistry, things aren’t EZ in chemistry!!!! Were now going to learn about a new to method of conversion called Dimensional Analysis!

28. Dimensional Analysis: Another way we can convert be units is by Dimensional Analysis Steps: 1.What units are you solving for? 2.What units are you given? 3.Write the possible conversion factors. 4.Start with what you know. 5.Set up calculation so that units cancel. 6.Solve the problem. 7.Does the answer make sense?

29. Dimensional Analysis Practice: You drove 7 kilometers to school today. How many meters did you drive? 1. What units are you solving for?2. What units are you given? 6. Solve the problem 3. What are the conversion factors? 5. Set up the calculation so the units cancel 4. Start with what you know 7. Does the answer make sense 1000 meters 1 kilometers = meters = 7000 meters Kilometers 7 Kilometers

30. Dimensional Analysis Practice: You drove 7 kilometers to school today. How many miles did you drive? 1. What units are you solving for?2. What units are you given? 6. Solve the problem 3. What are the conversion factors? 5. Set up the calculation so the units cancel 4. Start with what you know 7. Does the answer make sense 1 mile 1.6 kilometers = miles = 4.38 miles Kilometers 7 Kilometers 1 mile 1.6 kilometers

31. Dimensional Analysis Practice: A year is 365 days long. How many hours are in 1 year? How many minutes are in one year? 1. What units are you solving for?2. What units are you given? 6. Solve the problem 3. What are the conversion factors? 5. Set up the calculation so the units cancel 4. Start with what you know 7. Does the answer make sense 24 hours 1 day = hours = 8760 hours 365 Day 60 minutes 1 hour = minutes =525,600 minutes 8760 Hours

32. Scientific Notation To make large number seem small, scientist use something call scientific notation Lets look at he speed of light Light travels 9,500,000,000,000,000 kilometers in one year 9,500,000,000,000,000 written in scientific notation is -- 9.5 x 10 15

33. Scientific Notation How did I get 9.5 x 10 15 ? By moving the decimal over 15 places between the 9 and the 5 9,500,000,000,000,000 x 10 15

34. Scientific Notation You have about 50,000,000,000,000,000 cells in your body! Let’s write this in scientific notation x 10 16

35. What is Scientific Notation? A useful way to represent numbers that are very large or very small all numbers are written in a form of ______ of ten such as 9.5 x 10 15 Answer Bank Weighing length Liter exponents Space 10 mass

36. What is Scientific Notation? A useful way to represent numbers that are very large or very small all numbers are written in a form of exponents of ten such as 9.5 x 10 15

37. Summarize: Compare and Contrast the Meter, Liter, and Gram, how are they different??? How are they simliar???? Use dimensional analysis to solve: 2000 milliLiters (mL) = _________ Liters (L) 400 centigrams (cg) = __________ grams (g) 8200Liters (L) = ____________ kiloLiters (kL)

38. Topic: Density Objectives: Day 2 of 4 I will learn how to calculate volume by water displacement I will understand the concept of density given mass and volume I will be able to perform density calculations given mass, volume or density Unit: Metrics, Density & Matter

39. Quickwrite: In 1-2 sentences answer one of the questions below: ►When you get into a hot tub, what happens to the water level???? ►What do you think is more dense, lead or wood???? Why???

40. Volume We use Volume when we want to find the capacity of something (how much liquid is inside) Volume is measured is liters

41. 2 ways we find volume: For simple shapes, like cubes and spheres, we can calculate them through basic math For example, to find the volume of a cube we measure the (Length x Width x Height) But, we'll let math class teach you that

42. 2 ways we find volume: If something has an irregular shape, how do we find the volume of it? The other way we find volume is by displacement

43. 2 ways we find volume: Let's say we want to find the volume of a rock You can't exactly take out a ruler and measure it like you could a cube or triangle

44. 2 ways we find volume: Here's how you do it: You drop the rock into water Obviously, the water level will rise But, by how much? The amount it rises equals the volume of the rock

45. How do we calculate volume by displacement? By ______the object, this will cause the water level to rise The amount it rises, equals the volume of the rock in ____ Answer Bank tightly milliLiters Volume(2) Compacted Submerging

46. How do we calculate volume by displacement? By submerging the object, this will cause the water level to rise The amount it rises, equals the volume of the rock in Liters

47. Mass -When we mass something, we measure how much stuff (or matter) the object is made of -Mass is measured in grams -We find mass by weighing the object

48. Mass What has more mass? You or me? In other words, who is made up of more stuff? You or me? What has more mass? The earth or me?

49. Summing up Mass & Weight Your MASS is the amount of material in your body. Your MASS doesn’t depend on where you are. Your WEIGHT is how much your body pushes down on a scale. Your WEIGHT depends on how much MASS you have and where you are. For example, your mass would be the same on both Earth and the Moon However, your weight would be different because the gravitational pull of Earth and the Moon is different http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/weight/index.html

50. Density compares the mass of an object to its volume. In the density expression, the mass of an object or substance is written in the numerator and its volume in the denominator. D = mass = g or g = g/cm 3 volume mL cm 3 Note: 1 mL = 1 cm 3 Density

51. Lets imagine we have 2 cubes the same size However, now let us imagine that one cube is made of lead, and the other is made of Foam They both have the same size but which one is more dense? Lead Foam

52. Lead Density The lead Cube is! But why? Well, it all has to do with how much stuff is packed into the same amount of space! Foam

53. Density Let's look at these fish which are the same size Even though they are the same size they all have different densities They all have the same volume But, each fish has a different masse

54. Water and Density If you had a cube, and each side was 1 cm, what would it’s volume be? Length x Width x Height Now let’s imagine this cube is empty How much water would it take to fill it up? 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm = 1 cm 3 As it turns out, it takes 1 milliliter occupies 1 cubic centimeter or cm 3 In other words, 1mL = 1 cm 3 This is nice, because it makes the density of water is equal to 1

55. Water and Density Water has a density of 1 If an object sinks, it has a density greater than 1 If an object floats, it has a density less than 1

56. What is Density? Density measures how ____ matter is _____ Density compares the mass of an object to its ______. In the density expression, the mass of an object is written in the numerator and its _____ in the Denominator Write Equation below: Answer Bank tightly milliLiters Volume(2) Compacted Submerging

57. What is Density? Density measures how tightly matter is compacted Density compares the mass of an object to its Volume. In the density expression, the mass of an object is written in the numerator and its Volume in the Denominator Write Equation below:

58. Air Density Where is the air most dense? Closer or farther from the surface?

59. Population Density Where is the population the most dense? The east coast or the west coast?

60. Practice: Calculate the density of a material that has a mass of 12.42 g and a volume of 6.20 mL. D = ??? M= 12.42 g V = 6.20mL Remember 1 mL = 1 cm 3 D = M V D = 12.42 g 6.20 mL Density = 2.00 g/mL

61. Practice: A mechanical pencil has the density of 3 g/ cm 3. The volume of the pencil is 15.8 cm 3. What is the mass of the pencil in grams? D = 3 g/cm 3 M= ????? V = 15.8 cm 3 Remember 1 mL = 1 cm 3 Rearranging the equation and solving for Mass, we get M = DV M = (3 g/cm 3 ) (15.8 cm 3 ) Mass = 47.4 g

62. Density Demo I am going to mix 3 fluids of different densities Pay attention and see if you can determine which fluid is the most dense, and which fluid is the least dense

63. Density Demo What fluid was the most dense? What fluid was the least dense?

64. Summary In your own words, explain how you would find the density of an irregular object: Define Density in your own words: Rearrange the density equation below to solve for Mass and Volume:

65. Topic: Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures Objectives: Day 3 of 4 To understand how we classify matter To understand the 3 different states of matter Unit: Metrics, Density & Matter

66. Quickwrite: In 1-2 sentences answer one of the questions below: ►What do you think “matter” the stuff that makes up you, me, the earth and universe stuff is made of??? ►Can you think of some different forms or states of matter???

67. Matter The stuff of which the universe is composed of Matter has mass and occupies space You, me, the stars and the air we breathe are types of matter Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms that are far too small to be seen with the naked eye

68. What is Matter? The stuff or material the universe is made of All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms

69. What is Matter? The stuff or material the universe is made of All matter is made of tiny particles called _____ Answer Bank Substances Atoms Simplest Tightly cannot container Atoms

70. Elements Elements are substances made from only one kind of atom They are the simplest forms of matter Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances In other words, they cannot be physically separated For example, pure Gold contains only Gold atoms Pure Sulfur contains only Sulfur atoms

71. Elements Diamond Pure Carbon Gold Au Sulfur S

72. Compounds Atoms or elements combine to form compounds Compounds are substances made by bonding atoms together in specific ways These substances contain 2 or more different types of atoms bound together in a particular way Compounds can be broken sown into simpler substances For example, salt can be broken down by separating the sodium which is bonded to chlorine

73. Compounds Consider a glass of water Water is made of H 2 O- Hydrogen and Oxygen Water is made up of two Hydrogen atoms and one Oxygen atom Salt is another compound Salt is made of NaCl- Soidium Chloride

74. Compounds Water H 2 O Salt NaCl

75. What is the difference between an Element and a Compound? Elements are the _________substances that cannot be broken down When two or more elements bond with each other, we call it a compound ElementCompound Answer Bank Two Atoms Simplest Tightly cannot container simplest

76. Mixtures Most matter you see is a mixture A mixture is two or more substances mixed together Take salt and water for example If you were to mix these two compounds, you would create a mixture The air you breathe is actually a mixture of Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Argon gas The coffee I drank this morning was a mixture of water, coffee, and milk

77. What is a Mixture? ____ or more substances that are mixed together Answer Bank Two Atoms Simplest Tightly cannot container Two

78. Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures Mixtures can be described as either Heterogeneous or Homogeneous A heterogeneous is when one or more of the substances are not evenly mixed In a heterogeneous mixture, the objects can be picked out because they are large enough to be seen An example would be if I mixed pennies and marbles

79. Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures In a homogeneous mixture, the substances are evenly mixed The substances in a homogeneous mixture often cannot be seen Consider salt water—the salt mixes evenly with the water and is too small to be observed It is also not possible to pick out the salt

80. Heterogeneous vs. Homogeneous Hetero-Homo- Mixed unevenlyMixed Evenly Substances can be seen and “picked out” Substances cannot be seen or “picked out” Ex: pennies and marblesEx: Salt water or air

81. What’s the difference between Heterogeneous & Homogeneous Mixtures? Hetero-Homo- Mixed UnevenlyMixed evenly Substances can be seen and “picked out” Substances _______ be seen or “picked out” Ex: pennies and marbles Ex: Salt water or air Answer Bank Two Atoms Simplest Tightly cannot container cannot

82. A gas is a state of matter with no definite shape or volume, it takes on the shape of it’s container In a gaseous state, the atoms move freely A solid is a state of Matter that has a definite shape and volume The atoms are tightly packed and are not free to move States of Matter Like water, all substances exist in three states of matter: solid, liquid, or gas A liquid is a state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of it’s container The particles in a liquid are also tightly packed but they are free to move around

83. What are the 3 states of matter? SolidLiquidGas state of Matter that has a definite shape and volume state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of it’s container state of matter with no definite shape or volume, takes on the shape of it’s ________ atoms are ______ packed & are not free to move atoms are tightly packed but are free to move around atoms move freely Answer Bank Two Atoms Simplest Tightly cannot container tightly container

84. Summarize: What are some examples of elements that we use in everyday life???? What are some examples of compounds that we use in everyday life???? What are two substances you could mix together to create a homogeneous mixture????

85. Topic: Chemical and Physical Properties Objectives: Day 4 of 4 To understand the difference between physical and chemical properties To understand the difference between physical and chemical changes

86. Quickwrite: In 1-2 sentences answer one of the questions below: ►When you burn paper, what do you think is happening to the molecules or atoms??? ►When a substance such as water freezes, what do you think is happening to the atoms or molecules????

87. Physical Properties Physical Properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance For example, the temperature at which water boils (100ºC) is a physical property (quantitative) The density of water (1 g/cm) is also a physical property of water (quantitative) A physical property of Iron is that it is magnetic (qualitative)

88. What is a Physical Property? A characteristic of a substance that can be observed _______ changing the substance Answer Bank Properties New Without Composition Changes rusting without

89. Chemical Property Chemical Properties describe how a substance changes into one or more different substances An example would be rust Iron combines with oxygen in the air to make rust (a different substance with different physical properties)

90. Properties of Iron Physical Property Chemical Property Iron is Magnetic Iron Combines with Oxygen to form rust

91. What are Chemical Properties? A characteristic that describes how a substance ______ into one or more different substances Ex: Iron _____ Answer Bank Properties New Without Composition Changes rusting rusting changes

92. Physical Changes All changes in matter are either physical or chemical A physical change is a substance in a substance that only affects it’s physical properties A physical change does not result in a different substance Water changing from a solid (ice) to a liquid is a physical change Water--whether it is a solid or liquid—is still water, it doesn’t change into a new substance

93. A physical change happens when water goes from a liquid to a Gas Gas Liquid H 2 0 (liquid) H 2 0 (gas)

94. What is a Physical Change? A change that occurs in the physical properties of a substance without altering its__________ Ex: Ice melting Answer Bank Properties New Without Composition Changes rusting composition

95. Chemical Changes A chemical change involves a change in the fundamental components of the substance A chemical change results in one or more different substances being formed Iron turning into rust is an example of chemical change Wood burning and becoming smoke is an example of a chemical change

96. What is a Chemical Change? A change in a substance that results in one or more _____ substances being formed Ex: Iron bonding with oxygen to form rust Answer Bank Properties different Without Composition Changes rusting different

97. Electrolysis is a Chemical Change H 2 O (liquid) + O 2(gas) H 2(gas) H 2 O (liquid) H 2 (gas) O 2(gas) Because water (a compound) changes into 2 different substances, a chemical change takes place

98. Physical versus Chemical All physical and chemical changes involve a change in energy Chemical changes either give off heat or absorb heat For example, burning wood gives off heat Physical changes also give absorb or give off heat For example, ice melting absorbs heat

99. Chemical or Physical Change?

100. Hydrolysis: Physical or Chemical? O2O2 H2H2 H2OH2O

101. Chemical Reactions A chemical change is a change that results in one or more new substances being formed These new substances have different chemical properties A chemical reaction is the set of chemical changes involved when one or more substances react, forming one or more different substances

102. Chemical Reactions Consider the reaction from the previous electrolysis reaction Water, a liquid, turned into two new separate substances: Oxygen and Hydrogen gas The chemical reaction is: + O 2(gas) H 2 O (liquid) H 2 (gas)

103. Chemical Reactions Remember rust? Fe + O FeO Oxygen

104. What is a Chemical Reaction? the interaction of two or more chemical substances producing new substances with different ______ from the original ones Ex: H 2 O (liquid) + O 2(gas) H 2 (gas) Answer Bank Properties New Without Composition Changes rusting properties

105. Demonstrations: Demo: ChemicalPhysical Burning Magnesium Metal Bromethyl Blue Boiling Water Tearing Aluminum Copper Chloride with Aluminum Sugar with sulfuric acid

106. Summary: With your lab group or lab partner, try to list 2 examples of chemical changes you see in every day life, and explain why you think they are chemical changes!!!!!!! With your lab group or lab partner, try to list 2 examples of physical changes you see in every day life, and explain why you think they are physical changes!!!!!!!