1. VHDL Project II: Bubble Sorter Matthew Murach Slides Available at: www.pages.drexel.edu/~mjm46

2. Bubble Sort Description Takes a certain number of values and sorts them in ascending order Takes a certain number of values and sorts them in ascending order Project consists of a simple four bit comparator which interchanges values when required. Project consists of a simple four bit comparator which interchanges values when required. Logic is needed to wire the comparators together. (master->component design) Logic is needed to wire the comparators together. (master->component design) Bubble sort has a worst case complexity of O(N) where N is the number of numbers to be sorted. Bubble sort has a worst case complexity of O(N) where N is the number of numbers to be sorted.

3. Method One: Logic Flow (4 number example) 8573 1 st Stage: Sequence R-L-R-L 5837 2 nd Stage: Sequence L-R-L-R 5387 3 rd Stage: Sequence R-L-R-L 3578 4 th Stage: Sequence L-R-L-R (DONE) = basic PE element (four required) = denotes swap operation

4. Processing Element Ld : in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) – initial value R : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0) – right register value L : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0) – right register value Ck : in std_logic; -- clock input En : in std_logic; -- enable Wr : in std_logic; -- load register Sw : in std_logic; -- R or L read Rd : in std_logic; -- Read result Output : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) L_o : out std_logic_vector (3 downto 0) – pass result to the left register R_o : out std_logic_vector (3 downto 0) – pass result to the left register

5. Disadvantages of Method 1 Messy boundary conditions Messy boundary conditions Need a special value at the ‘end’ nodes Need a special value at the ‘end’ nodes Or need to use non-standard PEs Or need to use non-standard PEs Wire intensive Wire intensive Uses lots of wires (11 total signals) Uses lots of wires (11 total signals) A pain to route all that internal wiring in the master design (what if we want more control on the swap which would require another 4 wires….) A pain to route all that internal wiring in the master design (what if we want more control on the swap which would require another 4 wires….) PE is complicated PE is complicated

6. Method Two: Make it simple Why not use registers to store values instead of the processing units? (uses three simple PEs) Why not use registers to store values instead of the processing units? (uses three simple PEs) AB 8573 C 5837 = Register = PE

7. PE for Method Two Ck : in std_logic; -- Clock En : in std_logic; -- En C : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); D : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); A : in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); B : in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

8. Method 2: Examined Only 6 wires need to be routed (8 if control is desired on the write ports) Only 6 wires need to be routed (8 if control is desired on the write ports) Simple design Simple design No need for fancy internal logic (R, L states) No need for fancy internal logic (R, L states) Just compare the two values and swap if necessary Just compare the two values and swap if necessary Compare logic is fixed with respect to input Compare logic is fixed with respect to input Need extra logic for a register but that is trivial. Need extra logic for a register but that is trivial.

9. Component Declarations Component declaration is nearly same as the device’s entity declaration. Component declaration is nearly same as the device’s entity declaration. Simply Copy and Paste in the component descriptions and add the key word component. Simply Copy and Paste in the component descriptions and add the key word component. Component bubble_sort is port ( -- stuff here ); end component; Entity bubble_sort is port ( -- stuff here ); end bubble_sort;

10. Internal Signals and Port Mappings Internal wiring is done with signals. Simply declare these signals like you have done in previous exercises. Internal wiring is done with signals. Simply declare these signals like you have done in previous exercises. Port mapping is the where the actual components are instantiated and mapped to their respective signals. Port mapping is the where the actual components are instantiated and mapped to their respective signals. Note that you can instantiate more then one instance of each component. Note that you can instantiate more then one instance of each component.

11. Example of Port Mapping Let’s say you want to make a master VHDL design from the two components on the right. Let’s say you want to make a master VHDL design from the two components on the right. -- Signal Declarations Signal N : std_logic; Signal M : std_logic; Begin -- Port Map Declarations My_A : Acomp generic map(N) port map(N,M,ck); My_B : Bcomp generic map(N) port map(M,N,ck); A Component B Component C Component M N Ck