1. INTERNAL/EMBEDDED ANTENNAS MORE COMPACT DESIGN: SAVES SPACE MORE RUGGED: LESS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DAMAGE From: http:// www.centurion.com

2. SUITABLE CANDIDATES PIFA (PLANAR INVERTED-F ANTENNA) MEANDER LINE ANTENNA

3. POSSIBLE LOCATIONS OF PIFA ON HANDSET From: “FDTD Analysis of PIFA diversity antennas on a hand-held transreceiver unit” by Michael A. Jensen and Yahya Rahmat-Samii

4. SIDE AND FRONT VIEW OF PIFA

5. RADIATION PATTERN OF PIFA IN DIFFERENT PLANES From: “Integrated Antennas for Hand-held Telephones with low Absorption’’ by Gert Frolund Rendersen, Jorgen Bach Andersen

6. REDUCTION OF ANTENNA SIZE UNIVERSE MAY BE EXPANDING BUT THE SIZE OF ANTENNAS IN MOBILE PHONES IS SHRINKING….

7. WHY SMALLER ANTENNAS ? HANDSET SIZE LIMITED BY THE SIZE OF BATTERY AND THE SIZE OF THE ANTENNA… NEED TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE ANTENNA TO RECEIVE SIGNALS OF DIFFERENT POLARISATIONS…

8. CAPACITIVELY LOADED PIFA USUALLY LENGTH IS (L/4). IT REDUCES IT TO (L/8). From: “A capacitively loaded PIFA for compact mobile telephone Handsets’’ by Corbett R. Powell, Student Member IEEE, and R.D. Murch, Member IEEE

9. LOADED PIFA

10. NEED FOR DUAL BAND OPERATION PCS(PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS) REQUIRE MOBILE PHONES TO WORK AT 1800 MHz ALONGWITH THE USUAL 900 MHz BAND.

11. DUAL BAND PIFA 1

12. TRIPLE BAND PIFA

13. MEANDER LINE CONSTRUCTION

14. RADIATION PATTERN OF MEANDER LINE ANTENNA

15. PIFA WITH MEANDER LINES

16. DIVERSITY ANTENNAS

17. BPFA

18. COMPARISON OF CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS

19. COMPARISON OF RADIATION PATTERN

20. DTSA CONSTRUCTION AND RADIATION PATTERN

21. COMPARISON WITH MONOPOLE IN TERMS OF SAR DISTRIBUTION