2. Inland Peloponnesus Most powerful Descendants of Dorians Lived military based life

6. Slave workers from conquered lands owned by Sparta 4:1 Helots to citizens

9. War time: 2 kings from different families Shared authority

10. Peace time: Oligarchy 30 elders older than 60 Proposed laws to assembly

11. Law making group Adult male citizens Passed laws of elders Elected ephors

13. 5 wealthy landowners Took care of everyday governing

15. Boys Age 7 sent to training camps Age 18 began 4 years of military training Ages 20 – 30 allowed to marry Age 30 became a citizen Age 60 time as active soldier ended

18. Girls Trained to be strong More freedom than in other city-states Highly respected Handled household Raised children

19. Everyone Travel and trade discouraged Dressed plainly Simple meals Strong sense of honor

21. On harbor off Aegean Sea Many trading partners

24. 683 BC oligarchy replaced monarchy No written laws until 620 BC (Draco) 600 BC many in debt, forced into slavery 594 BC Solon brought reforms

26. Lawmaker Wrote first written laws for Athens Laws were very harsh

27. Respected and fair leader Authority to deal with debt crisis Made reforms (changes)

29. Canceled all debts Freed all who had put themselves into slavery Replaced harsh Draconian laws

31. Rights based on wealth, not birth Male citizens divided into 4 classes All males could attend assembly Council (400 citizens) established to support assembly Majority rule

34. Boys 7 – 14 spent day in school After 14 wealthy had private tutor Learned father’s trade

36. Girls Studied at home In charge of home life Learned spinning, cooking, etc.

37. Slaves 1/3 of Athens Many educated No rights

39. 5oos BC Mesopotamia Cyrus II (Cyrus the Great) began the empire Cambyses added Egypt Darius I made the empire the largest in history

43. Empire divided into 20 regions Each had governor Built a 1,500 mile road to connect empire Wanted to control all Greek city-states

46. Feared the Persians and Athens Sparta created a league (group of allies) Peloponnesian League Formed to protect members Became large fighting force