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Chapter 6: Learning
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Classical Conditioning
Ivan _________ Terminology ______________ Stimulus (UCS) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) ___________ Response (CR)
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Figure 6.1 Classical conditioning apparatus
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Figure 6.2 The sequence of events in classical conditioning
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Figure 6.3 Classical conditioning of a fear response
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Basic Processes in Classical Conditioning
_________ Extinction Spontaneous recovery Stimulus _____________ Stimulus discrimination __________ conditioning
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Figure 6.6 Acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery
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Figure 6.8 Higher-order conditioning
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B.F. _________ (1953) – principle of ______________
Operant Conditioning B.F. _________ (1953) – principle of ______________ “Skinner box” Emission of response Reinforcement _____________ ___________ recorder
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Figure 6.9 Reinforcement in operant conditioning
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Figure 6.10 Skinner box and cumulative recorder
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Basic Processes in Operant Conditioning
Acquisition _________ Extinction ________ Control Generalization ______________
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Table 6.1 Comparison of Basic Processes in Classical and Operant Conditioning
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Reinforcement: Consequences that Strengthen Responses
_________ Reinforcers Satisfy _________ needs __________ reinforcement
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Schedules of Reinforcement
____________ (partial) reinforcement ______ schedules Fixed Variable _______ schedules
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Figure 6.13 Schedules of reinforcement and patterns of response
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Consequences: Reinforcement and Punishment
Increasing a response: _________ reinforcement = response followed by rewarding stimulus _________ reinforcement = response followed by removal of an aversive stimulus Escape learning Avoidance learning Decreasing a response: ___________ Problems with punishment
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Figure 6.14 Positive reinforcement versus negative reinforcement
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Figure 6.15 Escape and avoidance learning
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Figure 6.16 Comparison of negative reinforcement and punishment
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Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning
Biological ___________ on Conditioning Instinctive Drift Conditioned Taste _________ Arbitrary vs. _________ conditioned stimuli ___________ Influences on Conditioning _______ learning Signal relations Response-outcome relations
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Figure 6.19 Latent learning
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Observational Learning
Albert _________ __________ learning Basic processes attention retention _____________ motivation
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Figure 6.20 Observational learning
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