1. RNA

2. What is RNA?  RNA stands for Ribonucleic acid  Made up of ribose  Nitrogenous bases  And a phosphate group  The code used for making proteins  3 types

3. Base Pairing Rules  Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)  Car in the Garage  Like DNA  Adenine (A) Pairs with Uracil (U)  Apples Under

4. Messenger RNA  Also known as mRNA  Transports the DNA instructions from the nucleus into the cytoplasm

5. Transfer RNA  Also known as tRNA  Decodes messenger RNA to produce proteins

6. Ribosomal RNA  Also known as rRNA  Make up the ribosome  Ribosome is the location for protein synthesis

7. Transcription  First step of gene expression  Segment of DNA is copied into RNA  RNA polymerase  DNA is separated using an enzyme and each half is used as a template  Complementary base pairs are matched up

8. Translation  Occurs when a ribosome attaches to mRNA  tRNA matches up a complementary triplet of the mRNA  Codon  Three part nucleotide sequence (triplet) that codes for a specific amino acid  At the end of translation one protein is made  Takes 20 amino acids to make a protein

9. DNA  Made of sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base  Deoxyribose  A, T, C and G  Double-helix  Only one form of DNA  Found in the nucleus  Contains information for codes RNA  Made of sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base  Ribose  A, U, C and G  Single Strand  Many different shapes  3 forms of RNA  Found throughout the cell  Used to build proteins

10. Mutations  Change in DNA sequence of Nucleotides that changes the genetic makeup.  Causes of mutations  Error during replication of a gene  Occasionally a cell receives an entire extra chromosome.  Outside factors such as X-rays and chemicals have been know to change or breakdown chromosomes. https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=GieZ3pk9YV o