1. THE BRITISH CIVIL WAR Chapter 21.1 and 21.2

2. Civil War? What’s the definition of a Civil War? What issue is the problem in England? Who are the two sides at the start of the War? Who’s got control as we begin?

3. Why is Parliament in charge? By 1530, Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine. She “couldn’t” give him any “suitable” children. You: What is a “suitable child” for a King? For a divorce, Henry needed the Pope to agree as both he and Catherine were Catholic and had received special permission to marry in the first place. Catherine was related to an advisor to the Pope which didn’t make things easier. You: What do you think the Pope said to Henry?

4. Why is Parliament in charge? Henry VIII formed his own Church which he called The Church of England. You: Who is at the head of the Church and what is the first order of business for this new church? To gain approval from Parliament for this move, Henry VIII gave Parliament control of the Country’s finances. You:Write the “if-then” statement which Henry would have made to Parliament.

5. Henry gets his way So… Henry divorces Catherine of Aragon in 1532 He marries Anne Boleyn in 1533 Beheads Anne in 1536 Marries Jane Seymour in 1536 within 2 weeks of Anne’s execution. Queen Jane dies in 1537 of infection He marries Anne of Cleves in 1540, divorcing her the same year. He then marries Catherine Howard, but executes her in 1542 And finally marries Catherine Parr in 1543 to whom he remains married until he dies in 1547.

6. Henry’s kids, The Tudors Henry VIII had three Children: Mary with Catherine (Wife #1)(Catholic) Elizabeth with Anne (Wife #2) (Church of England) Edward with Jane Seymore (Wife #3) (Church of England) Mary Elizabeth Edward

7. Henry VIII Dies, then… Following Henry VIII’s death in 1547: Edward VI becomes King. He dies in 1553. Mary I becomes Queen in 1553 until she dies in 1558. Elizabeth I becomes Queen in 1558 until 1603 When she dies it is without a direct heir to the throne. The line of Tudors is at it’s end. You: Who becomes King?

8. STuART RULE James I is a Catholic and believer in the Divine Right of Kings. He is quoted below: "Monarchy is the greatest thing on earth. Kings are rightly called gods since just like God they have power of life and death over all their subjects in all things. They are accountable to God only... so it is a crime for anyone to argue about what a king can do." You: According to the quote, what are the rights of the citizens?

9. James I, king of england James I of Scotland becomes King of England in 1603. James Stuart was a relative of Henry VII who was the first Tudor king and Elizabeth’s Grandfather.

10. Parliament’s Rule James I asks Parliament for money and is rejected. They don’t like James because he’s Catholic, a believer in Divine right and attempting to do as he wishes. Members of Parliament were members of the Church of England Some even become Puritans, hoping to “purify” the government of Catholics. You: Why do members of Parliament dislike James I? But James continued to make them mad He made peace with the Spanish and the French who were Catholic He didn’t like Parliament’s Puritans limiting his power. You: Why did he think it was wrong for Parliament to limit his power?

11. Conflict Unresolved To get around Parliament’s control James… sold titles of nobility for money. collected taxes on things that had not been taxed in a long time. charged customs duties on imports You: What reasons would Parliament give to explain why the actions of James I were wrong? He dies peacefully in 1625 but the issues are far from solved.

12. What religion are many members of Parliament? 1. Catholic 2. Jewish 3. Puritans 4. Not religious

13. What is the primary conflict between the King and Parliament? 1. Religion 2. Money 3. Court Etiquette 4. International Relations

14. STuART RULE II James I’s son, Charles I takes the throne in 1625. He agrees to sign the Petition of Right. (4 Points) He disbands Parliament because they won’t give him the money he wants. He attempts to raise the money on his own. He attempts to get Nobles to “loan” the govt. money. He forces people to house troops at their own expense. He declares “marshall” or military law and controls the lands himself as the head of the army. The money runs out and Charles I has to re-convene Parliament in 1628. But all they want to talk about the control of the money.

15. Which of the following is not a cost saving measure used by the King? 1. No more wars 2. “borrow” money from Nobles 3. Soldiers housed at owners expense 4. Put areas under marshal or military law

16. Parliament’s Pretty Unhappy When Parliament is called back into session they pass the Petition of Right (1628): 1. The king cannot collect taxes or force loans without Parliament’s consent. 2. The king could not imprison anyone without just cause 3. Troops could not be housed against the will of the house’s owner. 4. The king could not declare martial law unless the country was at war. The king ignored the Petition of Right and disbanded the Parliament and vowed never to reinstate them.

17. Why did the King reject the Petition of Right? 1. He suggested a better way of raising money. 2. He thought the King should have all the power 3. He didn’t and followed it’s rules. 4. He was Catholic and thought the Church was more important.

18. THE SHORT OF IT Angry at Parliament, the King persecutes Puritans. They couldn’t preach or publish. He had their books burned and publically whipped. In response, they leave for America. This is called the Great Migration. At the same time, England is invaded by the Scots. The English attempts to force Church of England’s prayer book on them. To defend the country the King recalls the Parliament. They will not do what he wants. He disbands them after three weeks. This is called the SHORT PARLIAMENT Realizing he needs Parliament to raise money, the King is forced to recall them. This is becomes known as the LONG PARLIAMENT. Their goal was to decrease the power of the King. T

19. What causes the King to recall the Parliament? 1. 1. The King changed his mind 2. 2. The Scots invaded 3. 3. Parliament recalled the King 4. 4. Germany declared war on England

20. THE LONG OF IT MAIN OBJECTIVE OF LONG PARLIAMENT To take away the King’s power. The disagreement becomes military pitting the Cavaliers vs. Roundheads. Roundheads win the British Civil War. They try and execute Charles I in 1649.

21. The Commonwealth The leader of the Roundheads, Oliver Cromwell, ends the monarchy and leads the Country, now a called a “Commonwealth”. He eliminates the non-Puritans from Parliament leaving behind the “Rump Parliament” then dismisses them ruling as “Lord Protector” Governmental rule is strict until his death in 1658. His son, Richard, takes control for one year. Then a newly elected Parliament restored the Monarchy

22. Who supports the Parliament? 1. 1. The Roundheads 2. 2. The Cavaliers 3. 3. The Whigs 4. 4. The Tories 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

23. The “RESTORATION” After one year under Richard Cromwell, Parliament reinstates the Monarchy. Charles I’s son, CHARLES II takes the throne. The Cavalier Parliament passes the Clarendon Code: -Church of England is the official Church of Country -Only Anglicans can attend universities or serve in Parliament. -Forces King to follow the powers of the king outlined in the Constitution. You: Why is it called the Restoration when Charles II takes the throne?

24. The Clarendon Code doesn’t reinforce which of the following? 1. 1. Catholics are not powerful in England 2. 2. The power of the Anglican Church 3. 3. The control of the King over Parliament 4. 4. The Government of England is connected to the Church of England 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

25. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION I Parliament wants to keep James II from the throne. Divided Whig and Tory Tories defended the right of the next in line to the throne while Whigs wanted to keep Catholic James II from the throne. While Tories defeat Exclusion Bill (1679), they must accept Habeas Corpus This rule made it illegal for the king or any government to hold anyone without just cause or without trial, This increased the rights of the individual and decreasing the rights of the king.

26. James II takes the throne Because Charles II didn’t have any children when he died the throne went to his brother, James II.

27. Which of the following is False? 1. 1. The Exclusion Bill failed to pass Parliament 2. 2. The two sides of the Bill were the Whigs and Tories 3. 3. The Exclusion Bill would have allowed Catholics to take the Throne 4. 4. The Habeas Corpus principal was the compromise of this Bill’s outcome 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

28. James’ Big Mistake Being Catholic, James II demands Absolute Power His daughter from his first marriage is Mary, who is Protestant and married to William who is the ruler of the Netherlands. His second wife has a son, who James II says will be Catholic. Parliament encourages William and Mary to attack James II who has no support. The switch is made quickly: James II is out and William and Mary take the throne This is known as the Glorious Revolution You: Why were William and Mary the best choice for King and Queen of England?

29. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION II Under the rule of WILLIAM AND MARY the following laws pass thru Parliament: BILL OF RIGHTS (1689): Trial by Jury Outlawed cruel and unusual punishment Limitation on the amount of bail Ability to appeal to the king by ordinary citizens You: Whose power does the Bill of Rights limit? ACT OF SETTLEMENT (1701): “settles” the argument of who takes the throne next. Banned Catholics from ever taking the Throne Catholics of Ireland were forbidden from governing themselves. You: Who was the last monarch affected by the Act of Settlement?

30. The Glorious Revolution was: 1. 1. A war between France and England 2. 2. A reinstatement of the King on the throne 3. 3. The installment of a foreigner and his wife to the throne of England 4. 4. A triumph of Catholics in the Royal house of Stuart. 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

31. Which of the following did William and Mary not approve? 1. 1. A law which added more individual rights 2. 2. A law which forbade Catholics from taking the throne 3. 3. A law which brought together Scotland and Ireland 4. 4. The Bill of Right 5. 5. The Act of Settlement 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

32. Start of the American Revolution Queen ANNE (Mary’s sister) (reign 1702-1714) Act of Union brings together Scotland and England into Great Britain You: When did this problem begin? GEORGE, GEORGE, GEORGE George I (1714- 1727) is imported from Hanover, Germany thanks to the Act of Settlement. He’s Protestant but German. The role of the Prime Minister grows during this time. George II (1727-1760) Controlled by Parliament George III (1760- grows the empire taking France’s holdings in America. Mistakenly, he attempts to pay for the French and Indian War with Colonial-raised tax money. You: Why are the Georges good choices for kings of England?