1. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.0 PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany Destinies: Canadian History Since Confederation Sixth Edition by R. Douglas Francis, Richard Jones, and Donald B. Smith

2. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.1 Chapter OneConfederation

3. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.2 John A. Macdonald appears seated in the centre of this photo, taken on the first day of the Charlottetown Conference, September 1, 1864. Immediately to the left of Macdonald stands his old political enemy George Brown, with D’Arcy McGee, the great orator in favour of British North American federation, standing directly behind Brown. A national tragedy was McGee’s assassination on April 7, 1868, before the Dominion was but one year old. Source: Library and Archives Canada/C-733.

4. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.3 Sir John A. Macdonald addressing a meeting in Toronto. From the Canadian Illustrated News, April 31, 1878. “One thinks of those audiences, dead and gone now, the noise, the whisky, the laughter the tobacco, the smell of unwashed humanity: political meetings were entertainment, the translation of newspapers into life” (P.B. Waite, “Reflections on an Un-Victorian Society,” in D. Swainson, ed., Oliver Mowat’s Ontario [Toronto: Macmillan, 1972], p. 26). National Archives of Canada/C-68193.

5. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.4 The third quarter of the nineteenth century marked the high point of Maritime built sailing ships, to be replaced by iron and steel vessels. The image shows sailing ships in Courtenay Bay, New Brunswick about 1860. Provincial Archives of New Brunswick/P5-360.

6. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.5 Chief areas of settlement in Canada, 1867. In terms of their population Ontario and Québec dominated in the new dominion. Source: Based on John Warkentin, Canada: A Geographical Interpretation (Toronto: Methuen, 1968), p. 45.

7. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.6 First Nations Lacrosse players from the Kahnawake community near Montreal. The First Nations soon adapted the non-Aboriginals’ tradition of team photographs, posed, with two players resting on their elbows on the ground at the front, others are seated behind, and two standing at the back. Lee Pritzker Collection/National Archives of Canada/C-1959.

8. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.7 An evening with friends in Quebec in days gone by. Family and friends provided social cohesion in rural Canada in the nineteenth century. Note the cross on the wall, indicating the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in late nineteenth century Québec. National Archives of Canada/C-1125

9. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.8 Queen Victoria receives Josiah Henson at Windsor Castle, March 5, 1877. In that same year the Canadian government signed treaty Seven with the first nations of Southern Alberta, in the Queen’s name. The American Museum in Britain, Claverton Manor, Bath, England.

10. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.9 Montreal mourns Thomas D’Arcy McGee. The funeral cortege, April 13, 1868, of the victim of Canada’s first political assassination, believed to be the work of Irish revolutionaries. McGee strongly opposed the Fenians, the Irish Americans who wanted to end English rule in Ireland. He was assassinated in Ottawa on April 7, 1868. National Archives of Canada/C-83423, photographer James Inglis.

11. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.10 “ Work,” a drawing that appeared in the journal L’Opinion Publique, November 2, 1871. In the late nineteenth century, gender inequality was as common as class inequality. The woman states; “You complain my dear husband, of your ten hours of labour, I have already worked fourteen hours, and my day is still not finished yet.”. National Archives of Canada C-108134.

12. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.11 The teachers of Mont Ste- Marie Convent School, 1889, Centre d’archives, Congregation of Notre Dame, Montreal. Congrégation de Notre-Dame, 2330 ouest, rue Sherbrooke, PQ, H3E 1G8 (514) 931-5891.