1. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.0 Part Four Modern Canada: 1945 to the Present

2. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.1 Chapter Fourteen Toward a More Affluent Society: 1945-1960

3. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.2 Supermarkets became a symbol of postwar prosperity. Woodward’s department store, Vancouver, was one of the first in Canada. It included in-store home economists and baby seats in the shopping carts. Vancouver Public Library/25644.

4. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.3 Mrs. Hugh Hawkins of Ottawa doing the washing with a traditional labour- intensive wringer washer, l947. Today young people have heard the expression “through the wringer” but do not know its origin. This is what Mrs. Hawkins is doing in this photo, putting her laundry through the wringer in order to squeeze out the excess water. Modern automatic washers were as yet rarely seen in Canadian homes. National Archives of Canada PA/115254.

5. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.4 Louis St. Laurent (left) and Prime Minister Mackenzie King (centre), at the national Liberal convention of 1948 at which St. Laurent was chosen to succeed King as Liberal leader and prime minister. In the back-ground is a portrait of former Liberal leader and prime minister Wilfrid Laurier. William Lyon Mackenzie King Collection/National Archives of Canada/C-23278.

6. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.5 A Newfoundland woman votes in the referendum of 1948. Although Newfoundlanders opted for responsible government over union with Canada, the indecisive results forced a second referendum, which the confederationists won. On March 31, 1949, Newfoundland joined Confederation as Canada’s tenth province. C.F. Marshall/Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Queen Elizabeth II Library, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

7. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.6 Canada’s United Nations peacekeeping missions, from 1947 to the 1990s. Source: Adapted from The Integrated Atlas: History and Geography of Canada and the World (Toronto: Harcourt Brace, 1996), p. 120. Reprinted by permission of Harcourt Brace & Company Canada Ltd.

8. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.7 A campaign poster. John Diefenbaker with his hero, Sir John A. Macdonald. Source: Diefenbaker Centre poster collection, Diefenbaker Centre, University of Saskatchewan.

9. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.8 A wonderful shot of an Edmonton couple by a 1940s car with a handwritten sign on the car, “Just Married Watch Edmonton Grow!” A perfect shot to make the point about the post-World War Two Baby Boom, or is it? Buyer Beware! The “ideal photo” apparently pre-dates the post-World War Two baby boom, as, if you look closely at the licence plate, the expiry date on it reads March 31, 1942. Prince of Wales Armouries Heritage Centre, Edmonton

10. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.9 Zoologist William Rowan lecturing at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, before 1957. Beginning in the 1960s, class sizes would expand to the bursting point with the arrival of the baby boomers at the universities. University of Alberta Archives/Acc. 82-29-37.

11. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.10 The Schiefners, a farm family living outside Milestone, Saskatchewan, on a Saturday evening in 1956. “Hockey Night in Canada: Toronto versus Detroit,” will be broadcast at 9 p.m. National Archives of Canada/PA-111390.