1. Unit II: 600-1450 C.E. Big Picture Themes:
Rebuilding of Declining Empires (“Post-Classical”)
Rise & Spread of Islam
“Centralized” VS. “Decentralized” Empires
“Golden Age” of Nomads
Increased Global Trade

2. 1. Trade Patterns:
Long-distance trade: Silk Roads, Indian Ocean maritime system, Trans-Saharan trade, Mediterranean Sea
“Pax Mongolia”: during Mongol Empire trade flourished

3. 2. Changes: 3. Continuities:
- Feudalism
- Religious empires
- Decentralized states
- Nomadic migrations (Turks, Vikings & Mongols)
3. Continuities:
- Religions spread
Trade routes grow
Patriarchal gender roles

4. 4. Tech. & Migrations Inventions: compass, improved ships, GUNPOWDER
Migrations: Bantus, Turks, Mongols, Vikings
Diseases: Plague spreads…missionaries, nomads, traders

5. 5. Social systems & religion
Patriarchal systems
Universal religions: Buddhism, Christianity & Islam spread

6. 6. New Empires
Dar-al Islam
Feudal Europe
Tang and
Song China
Mongols
Centralized empires: Byzantine, Arab Caliphates, Tang & Song
Decentralized states: W. Europe & Japan (feudalism)
The Mongols

7. China: Tang & Song Dynasties Empress Wu: 1st female Empress
Political Features:
centralized rule
Confucian bureaucracy (civil service exams)
defeated by Mongols

8. The Tang at its peak, c.750

9. Song “Golden Age”: Economic: Grand Canal: rice Urbanization
Cultural Features:
Tang: anti-Buddhist backlash
Inventions: GUNPOWDER COMPASS
“JUNK” SHIP MOVEABLE TYPE

10. The Song “Golden Age” INVENTIONS: Gunpowder & Rockets
Porcelain - Chinaware
Landscape art
Moveable Type
Compass
Chinese junks

12. Rise & Spread of Islam: 600-1450
Beginnings:
610 C.E.: Prophet Muhammad in Mecca
Beliefs:
Holy book – _____________
“Five Pillars”:
1. ____________________________________ 2. ________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________
Qur’an
one god (Allah)
Prayer (5x a day facing Mecca)
Fasting (Ramadan)
Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
Charity

13. Islam spread to __________________
the Middle East,
N. Africa,
S. Asia
Split:
Sunni: largest branch
Shia: mostly Iran

14. Women gained some rights…but confined to “harem”
Umayyad Caliphate
1st ISLAMIC EMPIRE
highly centralized (Damascus)
led by Caliphs
spread Arabic
Arabs dominated
convert or pay tax
Women gained some rights…but confined to “harem”

15. Golden Age of Islam
Abbasid Caliphate: sciences, medicine, math, astronomy, chemistry, literature

16. Which of the following is a major difference between the classical periods in Rome and the Islamic civilizations?
(A) While the Roman Empire fell as a result of internal warfare, Islamic dynasties faced few internal divisions.
(B) While Roman society had strict social classes, Islam was more egalitarian with fewer barriers to social mobility.
(C) Islamic civilizations were more dependent on agriculture.
(D) While Roman emperors were considered both secular and religious leaders, the caliphs were secular rulers only.

19. Byzantine Empire (400’s-1453)
- “Eastern Roman Empire”
Centralized
Greek language
E. Orthodox Christianity
Capital: Constantinople
Empire divided in “themes”:
Local military leaders
Land for military service
HUGE bureaucracy
Byzantium during Justinian’s reign.
Military
Clergy
Civil
Bureaucrats

20. United Empire – Justinian’s Code
Emperor Justinian:
Autocratic Rule
Wife: Theodora
United Empire – Justinian’s Code
Hagia Sophia, roads, public baths, mosaics

21. Decentralized States
1. Western Europe
2. Japan

22. Decentralized States WESTERN EUROPE Political: - Feudalism
- Lords ruled locally
- Catholic Church
Economic:
Serfdom
Manoralism (farming)

23. knight’s code (chivalry )
Decentralized States
WESTERN EUROPE
Social:
Nobility
knight’s code (chivalry )
Catholic Church

24. Japan Political: bureaucracy: Confucian-like The Rise of Feudalism:
Shogun supreme...
loyalties of local samurais

25. -traditional religion: Shinto - rise of Zen Buddhism
Japan
Cultural:
-traditional religion: Shinto
- rise of Zen Buddhism
- anti-Chinese during Heian Period

26. Nomadic Empires
BIG THREE:
The Vikings
The Turks
The Mongols

27. Vikings (c )
Ransacked Europe
adopted Christianity

28. Nomadic Empires: The Vikings (c. 800-1100)

29. “Mamluk” slaves conquered Abbasid Caliphate
The Turks:
Mercenaries
Converted to Islam
“Mamluk” slaves conquered Abbasid Caliphate

30. in India began Muslim Delhi Sultanate

31. The Mongols: Genghis Khan unites horsemanship, archery, & terror
LARGEST LAND EMPIRE EVER
Resist and die. Submit
and live…pay tribute

32. Empire divided into Khanates
Khanate of the
Golden Horde
Great
Khanate
Chagatai
Khanate
Ilkhan
Khanate

33. Middle East: Il-khante
Russia: Golden Horde
local Princes in power
(at Novgorod)
TRIBUTARY TAX COLLECTION
China: Yuan Dynasty
- Kublai Khan
centralized rule
- Confucianism outlawed
- Chinese: lowest class
Middle East: Il-khante
used local bureaucrats
- TAX “FARMING”

34. Pax Mongolia: The Mongol Peace
increase in trade & cultural interaction

35. Overexpansion (Japanese failure)
Mongol Decline
Poor administrators
Overexpansion (Japanese failure)
Internal Rivalry

38. Africa Ghana: Mali: Gold & salt Trans-Saharan trade! Islamic
Conversion to Islam!
Mali:
Gold & salt
Islamic
King Mansa Musa (hajj)
Ibn Battuta: the traveler
Timbuktu
Musa’s Hajj

39. Ibn Battuta - 75,000 miles…across Muslim world
-book: Travels of Ibn Battuta

40. brought paper money, gunpowder to Europe
Marco Polo
traveled on Silk Roads
lived w/ Yuan Dynasty
brought paper money, gunpowder to Europe

41. 1. Which of the following is an example of an event or situation between 600 and 1450 C.E. that helps to distinguish it as a new period in world history?
a) The invasions of the Huns disrupted the former Roman Empire as they attacked from the northeast.
b) Christianity was spread around the eastern Mediterranean by Paul of Tarsus.
c) The Mongols invaded many areas of Eurasia and formed the largest empire in world history.
d) Buddhism entered China for the first time and for a time supplanted Confucianism.

42. Marco Polo & Ibn Battuta

43. 2. In the 9th century the Tang Dynasty was weakened by considerable conflict between
a) Buddhism and Shintoism
b) Shintoism and Hinduism
c) Confucianism and Hinduism
d) Buddhism and Confucianism

44. 3. In the period between 500 and 1000 C. E
3. In the period between 500 and 1000 C.E., all of the following statements accurately compare the eastern and western parts of the former Roman Empire EXCEPT:
a) Christians in both areas were largely under the control of the Pope.
b) In general the civilizations of the east were more advanced economically and culturally than the west.
c) The east kept more aspects of the old Roman civilization intact than did the west.
d) Both civilizations completely collapsed.

45. Church of St. George, Ethiopia
Christianity in Africa:
1. Egypt: Coptic Christians
2. Ethiopia
Church of St. George, Ethiopia

46. East Africa: “Swahili Coast”: -Indian Ocean maritime trade w/ Arabs
“Swahili” trade language
gold, slaves, ivory

47. Crusades: wars for “Holy Land” Christians & Muslims
Turks win Jerusalem

48. Fight for the Holy Land…

49. European Results: new goods & ideas increased trade (Hanseatic League)
DECLINE OF FEUDALISM
Florence: new banking center

51. Portuguese “Spice” Trade Portuguese trade in China
- Ottoman Turks: blocked European traders…
- Europeans: sea routes to the Indies
- 1400’s: Portugal explores Africa
-port entrepôts in Africa, India, China
Portuguese trade in China

52. Portuguese Spice Trade
The map above shows the voyages of Vasco Da Gama, who was able to reach India by sea and gain access to the Spice Islands.

53. Spread of Disease:
Black Death:
along Silk Roads
entered Europe 1340’s

54. Buddhism Spread: Mahayana Buddhism: to C. & E. Asia
-Bodhisattva worship
3. Japan: Zen Buddhism
Theravada Buddhism:
to S.E. Asia