1. The Renaissance / Sonnets

2. “Renaissance” French word meaning “rebirth” New interest in science, art, literature Great advances in science and education

3. Protestant Reformation 1517 Martin Luther (German monk) Protested sale of indulgences (and other practices) by Catholic church Nailed 95 Theses to church door Reformation led to Protestantism Had a huge influence on society, politics, and the economy

4. Rulers of Note King Henry VIII 17 when crowned 6 marriages 1530—broke with the Catholic church and created Church of England (a.k.a. Anglican Church)

5. King Henry VIII

6. Elizabeth I ruled 1558-1603 great leader supported the arts turned England into a world power

7. Sumptuary Laws King Henry VIII wanted to be able to tell upon first glance what social class someone belonged to Laws specified the kinds of cloth, colors, and accessories that were forbidden to people beneath a certain rank Breaking sumptuary laws punishable by loss of possessions, title, or even life.

9. Beauty White skin Fair hair Red lips Wore lots of clothes, heavy fabrics, lots of jewels Elizabeth = epitome of beauty

10. Exploration  God  Glory  Gold Pamphlets circulated discussing how great life in America was; no mention of hardships.

11. Galileo Galilei Astronomer Said the universe was heliocentric –sun-centered Contradicted what Catholic Church taught –Universe is Earth- centered because God is most concerned with us Excommunicated in 1633 Vatican admitted mistake in 1992

12. Medical Advances Lots of interest in medicine Many medical advances 1616: discovered that the heart pumps blood through the body via the veins and arteries

13. Sonnets From the Italian “sonnetto” –a little sound or song 14 line poems Popularized by Francesco Petrarch in 1300s Sonnet sequence –Series of sonnets about a particular theme

14. Iambic pentameter 5 feet = 10 syllables 1 foot = 1 unstressed syllable, 1 stressed syllable

15. Forms of sonnets Italian (Petrarchan) Common topic: unrequited love First 8 lines = octave –Presents problem/question Last 6 lines = sestet –Offers answer/solution Rhyme scheme often abba abba cd cd cd (or) cde cde

16. Forms of sonnets English (Shakespearean) 3 quatrains = 4 lines each –Give details of problem 1 couplet = 2 lines –Gives quick solution Rhyme scheme usually abab cdcd efef gg