1. Unification of Italy

2. Italian Unification
Between 1830 and 1848 Italians tried several times to overthrow foreign monarchs, but were unsuccessful
Italy was eventually unified through two efforts, one in the north and one in the south.
The motivation for Italian unification was increasing nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country, its language, culture and history

3. Italian Unification
The Italian kingdoms were divided into 9 states at the Congress of Vienna

4. Encouraged people to see themselves as part of a nation
The beginnings of Italian Unification
Encouraged people to see themselves as part of a nation
Giuseppe Mazzini
The “heart” of Italian reunification
Starting in 1831, he wrote many articles and gave speeches in favor of Italian reunification

5. Northern Unification Count Camilo Benso di Cavour
The “brain” of Italian unification
Prime Minister of Sardinia
Worked to improve economy
Used money to strengthen Sardinia’s army
From , he gradually took over the northern states of Italy

6. Southern Unification Giuseppe Garibaldi
The “sword” of Italian unification
His army was nicknamed the “Red Shirts”
Led his army to victory over French forces in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from
Gave the territory to the King of Sardinia

7. “Red Shirts” (Garibaldi in center)
Southern Unification
“Red Shirts” (Garibaldi in center)

8. Italian Unification 1861 – Northern and Southern Italy are united
1866 – the northern province of Venetia is added
1870 – Papal States are added to Italy
Rome is made the nation’s capital
Italy was unified and King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia was declared its king.

9. Italian unification was accomplished over several decades

10. Italian Unification
Review: For Italy in the 1800s, nationalism had positive effects. How could nationalism sometimes have negative effects?