1. Cell Theory & Cell Organelles Sections 3.1 & 3.2

2. 3.1 Cell Theory  Key Concept:  Cells are the basic unit of life.

3. The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.  Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.  More was learned about cells as microscopes improved

4. Early studies led to the development of the cell theory.  The Cell Theory:  All organisms are made of cells.  All cells come from other cells.  The cell is the basic unit of structure & function in living things.  http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky- history-of-cell-theory http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky- history-of-cell-theory

5. All cells share certain characteristics.  Cells tend to be microscopic.  All cells are enclosed by a membrane.  All cells are filled with cytoplasm.  All cells have ribosomes.  All cells have genetic material (DNA – hereditary information)

6. There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells & prokaryotic cells  Eukaryotic cells  Have a nucleus  Have membrane- bound organelles  Prokaryotic cells  Do not have a nucleus (still have DNA)  Do not have membrane-bound organelles

7. STOP & REVIEW  The Cell theory has three parts. Fill in the missing word in each part.  All organisms are made of _______.  Cells  All cells come from other _______.  Cells  The cell is the basic unit of ________ & _________ in living things.  Structure & Function  Name 4 parts of the cell that are common between all cells.  1.  2.  3.  4.  Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, and Genetic Material  What are the 2 MAJOR differences between prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic cells?  1.  2.  1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, 2. Prokaryotic Cells do not have organelles surrounded by a membrane. Eukaryotic Cells have both of these things.

8. 3.2 Cell Organelles  Key Concept:  Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

9. Review from 3.1  All cells have:  Cell Membrane  Cytoplasm  Ribosomes  Genetic material

10. Cell Membrane (aka Plasma Membrane)  Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell  Made of:  Phospholipids  Proteins  Carbohydrates  Cholesterol  Steroids IN ALL CELLS 1 1 1

11. Cytoplasm  Function: holds organelles in place; location of various reactions in the cell  Organelles: parts of the cell with specific jobs/functions IN ALL CELLS 22 2

12. Ribosomes  Function: protein synthesis (link amino acids)  Found in cytoplasm or on the Rough ER (Rough ER= eukaryotes only) IN ALL CELLS

13. Cell Wall  Function: protection and support for plant, fungal, and bacterial cells  NOT IN ANIMAL CELLS 5 5

14. Nucleus  Function: Control center of the cell (“brain”)  Has its own membrane  Nuclear envelope  Stores DNA (chromosomes) 3 3 4 4

15. Nucleolus  Function: Makes rRNA (a nucleic acid)  Found inside the nucleus

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER  Helps make, package, and transport proteins (headed to the Golgi)  Ribosomes on surface make it look rough  Proteins made include membrane & secretory proteins Smooth ER  Helps break down toxins, poisons, and waste  Helps process carbs & produce lipids  “Roadway” of the cell – a maze of enclosed spaces

17. Golgi Body/Apparatus  Function: Process, sort, and packages products (proteins from the rough ER) for the cell to export  UPS for the cell

18. Transport of materials  Vesicle: Small membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials within the cell.  Proteins (such as secretory & membrane proteins) made by ribosomes on the rough ER are packaged in vesicles and sent to the cell membrane or Golgi Apparatus.  The Golgi Body processes & sorts the proteins, then packages them into vesicles for storage, transport, or secretion from the cell membrane.

20. STOP & REVIEW  This cell part controls what enters and leaves a cell. ______ __________  Cell Membrane  This is the watery part of the cell, found throughout the cell and where most chemical reactions take place? ______  Cytoplasm  This is the part of the cell where proteins are made. _______  Ribosomes  This is the brain of the cell which controls all cell functions. ______  Nucleus  This is found in the nucleus and is where RNA is made. ________  Nucleolus  This is the roadway of the cell, there are 2 kinds.  Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum  This is where proteins are packaged before being shipped to the ER.  Golgi Apparatus

21. Lysosomes  Function: Contain enzymes to digest materials for the cell  Not found in plant cells

22. Mitochondria  Function: Where usable energy is made for the cell  Have a double membrane  Inner membrane (cristae) is folded – this increases surface area to allow more energy to be made at a time  Other structures in the body are like this as well (small intestine, lungs, ER)

23. Plastids Chloroplast  Site of photosynthesis (makes food) Chromoplast  Make and store pigments in fruits, roots, etc. (red color in tomatoes)  Pigment-containing organelles found in plant & algae cells. 6

24. Vacuole  Function: Stores water and food molecules  Plant cells: large and singular  Animal cells: small and numerous

25. Cytoskeleton  Function: helps cell maintain shape; helps cell move; helps move organelles around inside the cell (like railroad tracks)

26. Centrioles  Function: helps with cell division  Only in animal cells PART OF CYTOSKELETON

27. Cilia & Flagella  Function: Help with cell movement PART OF CYTOSKELETON

28. Review Eukaryotes  Have nucleus (DNA)  Have membrane-bound organelles (increase the efficiency of functions by confining them within smaller spaces within the huge cell, or with communication and movement within the cell.)  Larger size because of organelles  More complex  Unicellular or multicellular Prokaryotes  No nucleus (still have DNA)  No membrane-bound organelles  Smaller size because of lack of organelles  Less complex  Unicellular

29. STOP & REVIEW  Contain enzymes to digest and breakdown cell material. (trashcan). _______  Lysosomes  This is the powerhouse of the cell where the energy (ATP) is made. __________  Mitochondria  This organelle is pigmented and absorbs light energy to make and store food. ______  Plastid (chloroplast)  This is like a pool, where water is stored. ______  Vacuole  helps cell maintain shape; helps cell move; helps move organelles around inside the cell (like railroad tracks) _____________  Cytoskeleton  helps with cell division. Only in animal cells _____  Centrioles  Help with cell movement ______ and ________  Cilia and Flagella  protection for plant, fungal, and bacterial cells ______  Cell Wall

30.  Cell rap: http://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=- zafJKbMPA8 http://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=- zafJKbMPA8