1. New Centers of Civilizations Big Idea: The Israelites’ belief in one God resulted in a distinct society.

2. Pastoral Nomads Sometimes overran settled communities and created their own empires. Domesticated animals (food /clothing.) Viewed as hostile and barbaric. Traded animal products for grain and vegetables

3. Pastoral nomads continued Indo-Europeans spawned many other languages They spread civilization and developed world religions. Hittites-1 st to use iron/ eventually empire collapsed City-states gain power Phoenicians Israelites Assyrians Persians

4. Phoenicians Lived and prospered on the Mediterranean coast. Trade was basis of their prosperity Carthage-most important overseas colony. Contributions: Alphabet-22 letters, became Modern ABC’s. Sea traders and ship builders ( Bireme ships) Purple dye-from shellfish = color of royalty.

5. Phoenician Alphabet

6. Israelites Religion – Judaism Monotheistic-one god, Yahweh- Present everywhere History and religion combined in Hebrew Mosaic law- Torah (1 st five books of old testament). 10 commandments-laws that Moses taught, rules of conduct. A new “covenant” agreement with Yahweh

7. United Kingdom of Israel (1010 BC-970 BC) King David-controlled Israel Capital-Jerusalem King Salomon-expanded government and army and encouraged trade. Reached its height during his reign.

8. Divided Kingdom Kingdom of Israel-created by 10 northern tribes, capital-Samaria. Assyrians overrun them and scatter them throughout empire. Kingdom of Judah-created by 2 tribes, capital- Jerusalem. Chaldeans conquer and captives are sent to Babylonia. Eventually known as Jews. Jerusalem was destroyed.

9. Section 3 Review The Jews believed that God made a contract with them called a what? Covenant Builder of an important temple in Jerusalem King Solomon Migrating groups who domesticated animals for food and clothing? Pastoral nomads Belief in one god monotheism

10. Section 3 Review According to Jewish belief, there is only one God called what? Yahweh Small kingdoms and city-states in western Asia emerged when this kingdom ended and Egypt weakened. Hittite A distinct group, organized in tribes, who established a united kingdom. Israelites

11. Section 3 Review Traders who lived in a narrow strip of land along the Mediterranean coast Phoenicians The Hittite Empire was destroyed by who? The “Sea Peoples” Religious teachers whose words became a source of ideals for social justice prophets