1. New Centers of Civilization
Chapter 2 Section 3

2. The Roles of Nomadic Peoples
Although civilizations are abundant, some people remain pastoral nomads
Viewed as hostile outsiders, barbaric
Often helped transportation of technology with trade

3. Indo-Europeans
a particular group of people who used a language derived from a single parent tongue.
Around 2000 B.C. travel Asia Minor (Turkey)
1750 B.C. form Hittite kingdom
Capital Hattusha

4. Hittite Kingdom Challenge Egypt for power First to use iron
Destroyed by the “sea peoples”

5. The Phoenicians Came to power after fall of Egyptians and Hittites.
Located in Palestine (a region) along Mediterranean Sea
Traders of purple dye, glass, and lumber

6. Phoenicians Legacy Phoenician Alphabet
Passed on to Greeks, eventually becoming Roman alphabet that we use today
22 characters or letters

8. The Israelites Founders of Judaism
Later influences Christianity and Islam
Hebrew Bible, known to Christians as the Old Testament

9. The Israelites Biblical accounts not proven
Is known that they emerge as a distinct group between 1200 and 1000 B.C.
Form a united kingdom known as Israel

10. King Solomon Ruled from 970 – 930 B.C. Control over all of Palestine
Jerusalem is capital
Best known for his temple
Eventually overrun
by the Assyrians

11. Spiritual Dimensions of Israel
One God = Yahweh
This is known as monotheistic
Jews must obey law of God, known as the Ten Commandments

12. The Rise of New Empires
Chapter 2 Section 4

13. The Assyrian Empire Empire by 700 B.C. in Mesopotamia
Great communication established
A question answered by king within 1 week (HAHA)

14. The Assyrians Ashurbanipal Considered the greatest Assyrian King.
He collected the writings of Mesopotamia and est. the great library of Nineveh

15. Nineveh

16. The Assyrians
Very brutal
Short lived empire, ends by 612 B.C.

17. The Persian Empire Lived in what is now southwest Iran
Cyrus captured Babylon, allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem.
Was known for mercy

18. The Persian Empire Split into 20 provinces called satrapies
Had Royal Road
Advanced and large military
The Immortals, elite force of 10,000

19. The Persian Fall High taxes lower loyalty Persian Kings promiscuous
Example King Artaxerxes II had 115 sons
Conquered by Alexander the Great in 330s B.C.
King Xerxes of the Persians in “300”

20. Persian Religion Zoroastrianism
Original Religion of the Persian Empire
Zoroaster
Founder and Prophet of the Religion. Also known as Zarathustra.
Book: Zend Avesta, the recorded teachings of Zoroaster.
Monotheistic
Taught belief in one universal, all-powerful god.
Ahura Mazda
The god of Zoroastrianism