1. Creating the Constitution Chapter 7

2. Governing a New Nation Eleven of the thirteen states wrote constitutions to support their new governmentsEleven of the thirteen states wrote constitutions to support their new governments Rhode Island and Connecticut kept their charters Rhode Island and Connecticut kept their charters The new constitutions reduced the powers of the state governors and gave it to the state legislatureThe new constitutions reduced the powers of the state governors and gave it to the state legislature

3. Governing a New Nation Each state had a Governor who served as his executive The new constitutions allowed more people to vote then before White men over 21 were allowed to vote

4. Governing a New Nation States protected individual rightsStates protected individual rights Virginia’s Bill of rights Virginia’s Bill of rights Freedom of ReligionFreedom of Religion Freedom of the PressFreedom of the Press Trial by JuryTrial by Jury Limits on SearchesLimits on Searches Limits on ArrestsLimits on Arrests No Cruel and Unusual PunishmentNo Cruel and Unusual Punishment

5. Governing a New Nation The Continental Congress created the Articles of Confederation, it was adopted in 1777 The Government had one branch, a one house legislature called Congress Each state would be equal and have one vote Nine states had to agree on an issue before a law could go in affect

6. Governing a New Nation The Articles gave limited central government The Articles gave limited central government Power remained in the hands of the states Power remained in the hands of the states Congress could not regulate trade or collect taxesCongress could not regulate trade or collect taxes Could not enforce lawsCould not enforce laws Congress could deal with foreign nations and the Natives Congress could deal with foreign nations and the Natives

7. Governing a New Nation States had to give up their claims in the west for the Articles to be approved Lands were turned over to the national government The Land Ordinance of 1785 A system to sell land and settlements Land was separated into townships

8. Governing a New Nation The Northwest Ordinance of 1787The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 This was a three step process for admitting new states This was a three step process for admitting new states When a territory was settled, there would be a governor, secretary and three judges. When a territory was settled, there would be a governor, secretary and three judges. The citizens would elect a legislature The citizens would elect a legislature When the population reached 60,000, the territory would become a state. When the population reached 60,000, the territory would become a state.

9. Governing a New Nation There were some problems with the Articles of Confederation Each state had its own trade policies, which discouraged trade among states The central government did not have the power to tax British continued to occupy forts in the Northwest Territory The Spanish controlled New Orleans

10. Governing a New Nation Shay’s Rebellion There was an economic depression Daniel Shays led an uprising of 1,000 Massachusetts farmers They tried to seize arms from the state warehouse The Militia was called and the leaders were arrested

11. Governing a New Nation This caused the leaders to think they needed a stronger central government They wanted to revise the Articles of Confederation

12. The Constitutional Convention During the summer of 1787, the nations leaders met in Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention The debates were kept secret- Windows were tightly shut and guards kept the public out There were 55 delegates from 12 states

13. The Constitutional Convention Washington became President of the Convention James Madison took careful notes of the meeting which were printed after his death Edmund Randolph of Virginia had a plan for a new, strong central government

14. The Constitutional Convention James Madison was the Author of the Virginia Plan The Central Government had three separate branches Congress would have a legislative branch There would be an executive branch to carry out the laws The judicial branch would interpret the laws There would be a two house legislature The problem was who would choose the people in the legislature

15. The Constitutional Convention The Great Compromise The New Jersey Plan William Paterson of New Jersey wanted a single house with equal representatio n for each state Roger Sherman figured out a compromise for both large and small states

16. The Constitutional Convention There would be a two house Congress The Lower house-The House of Representativ es would be based on population The Upper house would be the Senate and had two senators from each state

17. The Constitutional Convention Southern delegates said that slaves should be counted as people toward representatives Southern delegates said that slaves should be counted as people toward representatives The Three-fifths Compromise said that each enslaved person would be counted as 3/5ths of a personThe Three-fifths Compromise said that each enslaved person would be counted as 3/5ths of a person This allowed slavery in the ConstitutionThis allowed slavery in the Constitution Ships would only be allowed to bring slaves into the country for 20 years. Ships would only be allowed to bring slaves into the country for 20 years. In 1808, Congress would ban the importation of slavesIn 1808, Congress would ban the importation of slaves

18. The Constitutional Convention The New Constitution had a Preamble. It spoke about the differences between the Constitution and the Articles of Confederation

19. Debating the Constitution There had to be 9 out of 13 states to ratify (approve) the Constitution for it to go in effect. Supporters of the Constitution were called Federalists because they wanted a strong Federal government James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay published the Federalist Papers, which were newspapers supporting the constitution

20. Debating the Constitution Opponents of the Constitution were called Antifederalists Opponents of the Constitution were called Antifederalists George Mason and Patrick Henry believed that the Constitution would weaken the states, said there was no Bill of rights and thought that the President would become a King.George Mason and Patrick Henry believed that the Constitution would weaken the states, said there was no Bill of rights and thought that the President would become a King.

21. Debating the Constitution Delaware approved the Constitution on December 7, 1787, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia and Connecticut followed. Massachusetts, Maryland and South Carolina had also ratified.

22. Debating the Constitution Virginia was looked upon as the last state because it was large and powerful.Virginia was looked upon as the last state because it was large and powerful. Patrick Henry attacked the Constitution Patrick Henry attacked the Constitution James Madison supported the Constitution James Madison supported the Constitution While Virginia debated, New Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify the Constitution While Virginia debated, New Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify the Constitution

23. Debating the Constitution New York and North Carolina followed and on May of 1790, Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution On July 4, 1788, Philadelphia celebrated the ratification of the Constitution

24. Debating the Constitution George Washington was elected as the first president and John Adams was his Vice PresidentGeorge Washington was elected as the first president and John Adams was his Vice President The makers of the Constitution added a Bill of Rights, which are the first ten amendments of the Constitution added by December 1791 The makers of the Constitution added a Bill of Rights, which are the first ten amendments of the Constitution added by December 1791

25. Debating the Constitution #1- Guarantees freedom of religion, speech and the press #2- Deals with the right to bear arms #3- Does not allow quartering of soldiers #4 Protects citizens from unreasonable search and seizure #5-8 Protect citizens who are accused of crimes and brought to trial #9&10- Limit the powers of the federal government to those that are listed in the Constitution