1. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 1 of 23 Making Healthy Decisions Quiz Read pages 30-35 in textbook. “Personality” Take notes. Complete the 5 review questions.

2. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 2 of 23 Objectives Name five traits that are used to define personality. Identify two factors that determine how your personality develops. Section 2.1 Personality Describe what happens to personality over a lifetime.

3. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 3 of 23 Each person has a unique personality. Describing Personality Your personality consists of the behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and ways of thinking that make you an individual. A psychologist studies how people think, feel, and behave. Many researchers use five central traits to describe peoples’ personalities extroversion agreeableness conscientiousness emotional stability openness to experiences

4. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 4 of 23 This trait describes how much you like being with other people. Extroversion An extrovert tends to be outgoing, talkative, and sociable. An introvert tends to be shy, quiet, and reserved.

5. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 5 of 23 This trait describes your tendency to relate to other people in a friendly way. Agreeableness People who are agreeable tend to cooperate with others. People who are disagreeable tend to be suspicious or hostile.

6. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 6 of 23 This trait describes how responsible and self- disciplined you are. Conscientiousness Conscientious people tend to be dependable and make good decisions. On the other end of the scale are people who do not think through decisions, are careless, and easily distracted.

7. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 7 of 23 People who are emotionally stable tend to be relaxed, secure, and calm, even during difficult situations. Emotional Stability On the other end of the scale are people who are fearful, worried, and angry.

8. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 8 of 23 People who are open to new experiences tend to be curious, imaginative, and creative. Openness to Experiences People who are less open tend to be more predictable and less independent.

9. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 9 of 23 Personality traits are influenced by a combination of heredity and environment. How Personality Forms

10. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 10 of 23 Infants are born with distinct tendencies to act in certain ways. Heredity Traits such as cheerfulness and shyness may be inherited. Talents such as musical and artistic abilities may be inherited.

11. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 11 of 23 Heredity is only half the picture. Your family, your friends, and your cultural group are important parts of your environment. They all have an influence on your personality. Environment Family Experiences you had as a child helped to shape your personality. Children learn about feelings, attitudes, and appropriate ways to behave from their families. As children develop, they copy the behavior of others. This is called modeling. Friends Starting in childhood and throughout the teenage years, friends become an increasingly important influence on personality. These friends, who are about the same age and share similar interests, are called a peer group. Culture Personality traits that are valued in one culture may not be as highly valued in another culture.

12. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 12 of 23 What five central traits can be used to define personality? extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness What two general factors combine to influence your personality? Personality traits are influenced by a combination of heredity and environment. What did Erickson say about how your personality develops throughout your life? According to Erikson, personality develops throughout life as people meet a series of challenges.

13. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 13 of 23 Define the term identity. At what life stage does the search for identity begin? An identity is a sense of self. The search for identity begins in the teen years.

14. Section 2.1 Personality VIDEO “Be Yourself” Slide 14 of 23

15. Section 2.1 Personality Trivia Challenge “The Olympics” 1.London hosting the 2012 Summer Olympics sets a milestone in Olympics history. Which is it? A.The longest time between hosting the Games. B.The first city to host the Games three times. C.The first host city to have a Queen as its sovereign. Slide 15 of 23 The first city to host the Games three times. London also hosted the Games in 1908 and 1948.

16. Section 2.1 Personality Trivia Challenge “The Olympics” 2.How old was the oldest athlete ever to compete in the Olympics?48 A.60 B.72 C.81 Slide 16 of 23 72 Oscar Swahn of Sweden competed in three Olympics, in 1908, 1912, and 1920, all for shooting. Swahn became the oldest gold medalist when he won gold at 64 years and 280 days old in 1912, and the oldest medallist when he won silver in 1920 aged 72 years, 281 days old.

17. Section 2.1 Personality Trivia Challenge “The Olympics” 3.Several sports were once included in the Games, but have since been removed. Which of the following was never an Olympic sport? A.Badminton B.Croquet C.Tug-of-War D.Pigeon Shooting Slide 17 of 23 Badminton Pigeon shooting only appeared at the Olympics once, at the 1900 Paris Games. It marks the only time animals were killed for an Olympic sport.

18. Section 2.1 Personality Trivia Challenge “The Olympics” 4.What does the Olympic motto, Citius, Altius, Fortius, mean? A.Continuity, Unity, Strength B.Compete, Achieve, Exceed C.Faster, Higher, Stronger D.Champion, Athlete, Friend Slide 18 of 23 Faster, Higher, Stronger The Latin motto was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin on the creation of the International Olympic Committee in 1894.

19. Section 2.1 Personality Trivia Challenge “The Olympics” 5.From 1896 to 2010, which country has taken home the most number of medals (gold, silver, and bronze)? A.Germany B.United States C.Soviet Union D.France Slide 19 of 23 United States The United States has won a combined total of 2,549 medals; the Soviet Union has won 1,204, Germany has 1,099 to its name, and France has taken home 731.

20. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 20 of 23 Objectives Compare the effects of high and low self- esteem on health. Describe the changes in self-esteem that can occur as people age. Section 2.2 Self-Esteem Identify ways to achieve and maintain high self-esteem. Summarize Maslow’s theory of self-actualization.

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24. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 24 of 23 One term psychologists use to describe your opinion of yourself is self-esteem. Self-Esteem and Your Health Self-esteem refers to how much you respect yourself and like yourself. Many psychologists think that high self-esteem has a positive effect on health, while low self-esteem has a negative effect on health.

25. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 25 of 23 People with high self-esteem accept themselves for who they are. Benefits of High Self-Esteem They have a realistic view of their strengths and weaknesses and maintain a positive attitude even when they fail at a task.

26. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 26 of 23 People with low self-esteem don’t have much respect for themselves. Risks of Low Self-Esteem They judge themselves harshly and worry too much about what others think of them. Some studies show that teens with low self-esteem are more likely than their peers to use drugs, drop out of school, become pregnant, and suffer from eating disorders.

27. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 27 of 23 Self-esteem is not a constant. It can increase or decrease as people interact with their family, their peers, and their community. How Self-Esteem Develops On average, self-esteem drops in early adolescence, increases gradually during adulthood, and decreases again toward the end of life.

28. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 28 of 23 Improving Your Self-Esteem Make a list of your strengths and weaknesses. Focus on your strengths. Set ambitious, but realistic goals for yourself. Develop a plan to achieve your goals. Don’t be too hard on yourself. When you make a mistake or experience a defeat, figure out what went wrong. Rely on your values. You will feel better about yourself when you do things that match your values.

29. Section 2.1 Personality Slide 29 of 23 Improving Your Self-Esteem Learn to accept compliments. Try to distinguish genuine praise from insincere flattery. Look beyond your own concerns. Do something nice for others. Do not focus too much on appearance. A focus on appearance can undermine self-esteem. Making sure that you are well groomed, however, can help build self-confidence.

30. Section 2.1 Personality First Impressions Ted Talk Slide 30 of 23