2.  Sculpture is “the branch of the visual arts” that works in a three dimensional space and is a “plastic art” which means it involves modeling and molding. Using materials such as stones, wood, ceramics, or metal to model and carve a statue will result in durable sculptures.  Sculpture is the practice and art of creating two- or three- dimensional representative or abstract forms, usually through carving stones, wood, or through casting metal/plaster. It can also mean to represent/make something by casting, carving, or other shaping techniques.  Sculpture can also mean the indentations/ridges of a shell caused by natural processes or in Physical Geography, it can mean the natural change of landscape caused by erosion.

3.  Common materials used to make a sculpture are: Classic durable materials: metal, bronze, stone and pottery Less durable/ cheaper materials: bone, antler, wood Precious materials: gold, silver, jade, ivory Other common/less expensive materials: hardwoods (e.g. oak), terracotta, ceramics, wax, cast metals (e.g. zinc), glass Dale Chihuly 2006, Blown glass sculpture

4.  “Sculpture that projects in vary degrees from a two-dimensional background” (Based on Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Heilbrunn Time line of Art History description)  The oldest form of sculpted art  Can be further broken down into 3 categories based on the distance between the 2-D background and the sculpture itself: Bas-relief: very low degree of relief from the base, usually seen in the surfaces of famous buildings such as the Parthenon in Greece Alto-relief: emerges from a flat base background such as sculptures of ancient pharaohs on Egyptian temples Sunken-relief: have a negative degree of relief and are carved into the base itself

5.  Also known as sculpture in-the-round  The type of structure that can be viewed from any angle around the pedestal  Used throughout Greek, Roman, Medieval and other classical eras such as the ones made by Michelangelo's David  A famous example is the statue of George Washington that was carved by Horatio Greenough in 1840 (picture on the left) that currently rests within the Smithsonian Press

6.  The type of free-standing sculpture that moves usually by mechanical means or by power from wind, light, water, etc.  An example is a fountain  Fountains are not powered by water but they “live within the shapes and forms of the water” as they arc over and form shapes within the air

7.  A modern form of sculptures  Created by piecing together found or scavenged items/objects that have little to none relationships with each other  Made by gluing, pasting, soldering, nailing, etc. these found objects together to make a 3-D collage  It gives new meaning to everyday objects

8.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture  http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/ sculpture http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/ sculpture  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sculpture http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sculpture  http://www.ehow.com/info_8106828_four-different- kinds-art-sculptures.html http://www.ehow.com/info_8106828_four-different- kinds-art-sculptures.html  http://www.slideshare.net/cruzjonard/assemblage- sculpture http://www.slideshare.net/cruzjonard/assemblage- sculpture