1. King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England

2. King Philip II of Spain Charles V Philip II 1556-1598
ruled over Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, the colonies in the Americas & the Holy Roman Empire
poor leadership, so he abdicated the throne, to live in a monastery
his son Philip received Spain etc. & his brother, the Holy Roman Empire
Philip II
Spanish greatness: politically & culturally
defeated the Turkish Navy at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571
Crusader for Roman Catholicism: “Most Catholic King”
leader of the Counter Reformation
Belgium & the Netherlands (mostly Calvinist): part of Philip II’s Spanish Empire
Philip II tried to crush Calvinism in the Netherlands
William the Silent, Prince of the House of Orange, led the resistance
1609 truce: northern states free → United Provinces of the Netherlands
Greatest part of the Spanish Empire: Central & South America, with some influence in North America

3. Queen Elizabeth I of England
Queen Elizabeth I (reigned )
head of State/Church
Church of England = Protestant, but moderate (Anglican → Episcopalian)
supported the weaker country (France/Spain) to keep the balance of power in Europe
King Philip II of Spain wanted take over England & end Protestantism (tried marriage & did not work) → Spanish Armada: fleet of warships
1588 England won naval battles vs. Spanish Armada: a storm sent the Armada off-course & destroyed most of their ships, off coast of Scotland (“Protestant wind”)
internal threats: Mary, Queen of Scots (her cousin)
no heir: Mary’s son, James, becomes king!

4. Spanish Armada Mary: Queen of Scots

5. Queen Elizabeth I vs. King Phillip II & the Spanish Armada
Queen Elizabeth's Confrontation: Spanish Ambassador
Queen Elizabeth’s Battle Speech: Spanish Armada
The Battle of Gravelines vs. Spanish Armada (1588 Storm)

6. Revolutions in England
James IV of Scotland: new king of England upon Elizabeth’s death (James I of England)
divine right of kings: kings receive power from God & are only responsible to God for actions
conflict with Parliament: king/queen & Parliament ruled together
Puritans: wanted the Church of England to be more Protestant (purify the Church)
conflict with the King, led to fleeing to the Americas (i.e. the Pilgrims)

7. James I

8. English Civil War
Charles I fought Parliament & Puritans (arrested dissenters for treason)
1642 Oliver Cromwell leads Parliamentary war vs. king
Roundheads (Cromwell) defeated Cavaliers (King)
Charles I executed January 30, 1649 (scared Europe!)
Cromwell: military dictator until death 1658
Restoration of Parliament & the King (Charles II)
3 children of Charles II: Catholic son (James II) & 2 Protestant daughters (Mary & Anne)
Parliament wanted to get rid of James II
invited his sister, Mary & her husband, William of Orange (…of Holland) to “invade” England
1st got to this slide- 11/2/12

9. English Civil War

10. Glorious Revolution William & Mary “invaded”
James II & his family fled
“Glorious Revolution”: almost NO bloodshed
1689 William & Mary officially King/Queen after signing English Bill of Rights:
Parliament makes laws, sets taxes & consents to military acts
citizens: bear arms, jury trials & habeas corpus
sets foundation for limited/constitutional monarchy
Thomas Hobbes: horrified by revolutions
wrote Leviathan: humans obsessed with self-preservation & thus societies need strong governments to protect citizens
saw life as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”

11. Glorious Revolution

12. In Review… GLORIOUS REVOLUTION Succession of English monarchs:
Elizabeth I (Tudor): NO heir (ends Tudor line)
James I (Stuart): Elizabeth’s nephew
Charles I (Stuart): James I’s son CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II (Stuart): Charles I’s son RESTORATION
James II (Stuart): Charles II’s son
William & Mary (of Orange): Charles II’s daughter
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
Anne: Charles II’s daughter & Mary’s younger sister
Stuart line ends with NO heirs.
House of Hanover (from German provinces) begins!

13. Frederick William of Prussia Peter the Great of Russia
Henry IV
Philip II of Spain
Elizabeth I of England
James I & sons
William & Mary
Louis XIV of France
Frederick William of Prussia
Peter the Great of Russia
Political Achieve-ments
became king of England, from Scotland
Religious Policy
-conflict with
Puritans
-Divine right of kings
Military success or failure
failure of Charles I against Roundheads
Domestic policy
-conflict with Parliament
-divine right of kings
Foreign policy
closer ties to France
Innova-tions
Charles I: first king to be tried & killed by people
Kingdom at monarch’s death
divided

14. Closure #1 Explain the reasoning for the: 1. English Civil War
2. Restoration of the Stuarts on the English throne
3. Glorious Revolution with William & Mary

15. Epitaph for Absolutists
Create an epitaph for an absolute monarch!
Include:
-Name
-Date they ruled or lived
-Country
-Catchy sentences with at least 3 facts about the person & what they did.
Must be in color.
Must draw the actual headstone or gravestone.
Must be attractive & accurate.
Will be hung outside…so make them
NICE!

16. Homework Chapter Review: pgs. 562- 563
Complete all of the respective questions.
Exclude the internet question!