1. Expert Systems

2. L EARNING O BJECTIVES : By the end of this topic you should be able to: explain what is meant by an expert system describe the components of an expert system describe the applications of an expert system

3. E XPERT S YSTEMS In everyday life:

4. E XPERT S YSTEMS In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain knowledge

5. E XPERT S YSTEMS In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain knowledge this knowledge is used as the basis for making decisions

6. E XPERT S YSTEMS In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain knowledge this knowledge is used as the basis for making decisions An expert system is:

7. E XPERT S YSTEMS In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain knowledge this knowledge is used as the basis for making decisions An expert system is: a computer program, used to help with a decision making process

8. E XPERT S YSTEMS In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain knowledge this knowledge is used as the basis for making decisions An expert system is: a computer program, used to help with a decision making process aka rules-based system, knowledge system

9. A N E XPERT S YSTEM IS :

10. A N E XPERT S YSTEM : Is a computer program Is made up of a set of rules Analyses information about a specific type of problem. Tries to solve a problem in the same way as a human expert has a narrow range of expertise gives answers to questions asks questions based on previous responses can show how it reached conclusions can learn from experience ( heuristic ) Is based on probabilities, not certainties Based on research into Artificial Intelligence (AI)

11. E XPERT S YSTEM - D EFINITION has three components:

12. E XPERT S YSTEM - 3 COMPONENTS knowledge base set of rules consists of If...Then… rules e.g. IF it is raining THEN I need to take an umbrella with me

13. E XPERT S YSTEM - 3 COMPONENTS knowledge base set of rules consists of If...Then… rules e.g. IF it is raining THEN I need to take an umbrella with me inference engine evaluates data against the knowledge base to provide a conclusion

14. E XPERT S YSTEM - 3 COMPONENTS knowledge base set of rules consists of If...Then… rules e.g. IF it is raining THEN I need to take an umbrella with me inference engine evaluates data against the knowledge base to provide a conclusion user interface displays questions to be completed by the operator displays conclusions as output

15. E XAMPLES OF E XPERT S YSTEMS

16. weather forecasting

17. E XAMPLES OF E XPERT S YSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis electrical goods, cars

18. E XAMPLES OF E XPERT S YSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis diagnose blood infections, identify tumours

19. E XAMPLES OF E XPERT S YSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis diagnose blood infections, identify tumours facial recognition

20. E XAMPLES OF E XPERT S YSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis diagnose blood infections, identify tumours facial recognition careers advice

21. E XAMPLES OF E XPERT S YSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis diagnose blood infections, identify tumours facial recognition careers advice credit scoring identifying whether or not an individual should be granted credit

22. E XAMPLES OF E XPERT S YSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis diagnose blood infections, identify tumours facial recognition careers advice credit scoring identifying whether or not an individual should be granted credit financial planning what if we …..?”

23. A DVANTAGES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS Expert advice available all the time Knowledge of expert staff can be captured to some extent before they move on. Can be used as a training aid to increase the expertise of staff Makes rational decisions without any emotional overhead Does not get tired or overworked. Efficient way of getting answers as it does not involve additional help staff e.g. automated help systems Natural language interface would make the expert system more human friendly

24. D ISADVANTAGES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS Usually only covers a narrow range of knowledge A lot of effort and cost has to go into making a good expert system Not as good as having human experts to hand. Most expert systems are menu driven which does not deal very well with ambiguous problems. Advanced interfaces such as natural language processing still has some way to go before they are truly effective. Does not learn from mistakes unless user feedback and human maintenance is part of its ongoing development Unlikely to come up with creative solutions

25. T ASK – MIND M AP Create a mind Map on expert systems, including the following information: Three components of an expert system the advantages and disadvantages for a given application Add images to support your information and make it interesting for the reader!