1. Chapter 7: Prelude to War
Writs of assistance-1760
Division
Debt
Sugar Act, 1764
Admiralty courts
Quartering Act, 1765
Stamp Act, 1765
Representation
Stamp Act Congress
Sons of Liberty
British affected
Declaratory Act, 1766
Alienating elite
Townshend (Revenue) Acts, 1767
John Dickinson, Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania
Massachusetts Circular Letter
Boston Massacre March 5, 1770
Committees of Correspondence
Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts), 1774 (leave extra room)
First Continental Congress, 1774
Suffolk Resolves
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
The Association
Lexington-Concord, April 1775
Role of Black Americans
Britain (make table)
Americans (make table)

2. Economy Based on mercantilism
Still some restrictions on production, trade, exports, etc.
Why?
England didn’t want competition from a colony
Americans were still better off than the average Englishman

3. Writs of Assistance 4th Amendment
As the English began to enforce mercantilism, the colonies protested
Smuggling increased
Writs of Assistance (1760) issued by the Mass. Governor allowed search and seizure of illegally imported goods; no evidence needed
Even many Brits thought this wasn’t right
Powerful tool to fight the smuggling
4th Amendment

4. Division Favoritism by Brits toward South
North seemingly couldn’t trade freely and were controlled by the Navigation Acts
South was the “pet” because they grew non-English products
Revolution begins in New England…….why?
South also suffered: had to sell only to Brits (price control)
Forced into debt by falling prices…….agitation by the south
The people of Massachusetts said the Virginian’s liberty cry was “Give me liberty or give me debt.”
Many felt mercantilism was “milking” the colonies and returning little

5. Debt The British were in debt from war
140 million pounds
Half of this debt came from the colonies
Brits asked the colonies to pay 1\3 of the cost of maintaining troops in America
10,000 troops

6. Sugar Act-1764
Prime minister George Greenville called for stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts and…
Sugar Act
To raise revenue by increasing the duty on imported sugar
Tax on sugar
Stricter enforcement of the Navigation acts through….
Admiralty courts
Smugglers now tried in British courts
No jury
Burden of proof on the defendant
Judge gets the goods (stopped in 1768)

7. Quartering Act-1765
Required some colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops and pay for goods needed by them
It didn’t force colonists to allow soldiers into their homes
Not widespread

8. Stamp Act-1765 Direct tax; Internal tax
Raise revenue for military in colonies
Stamps had to be purchased for paper goods
documents
newspapers
dice
almanacs
playing cards
It was the most resented tax by the colonist
English citizens had paid a heavier stamp tax for years
Most upset were coastal towns
Not one stamp was issued
Tax collectors were threatened
Boycotts of British goods

9. Representation
Colonists conceded the right of Parliament to legislate matters that affected the empire
No right to impose taxes when they had no representation
Virtual representation: all English subjects were represented in Parliament
Colonists didn’t want direct representation
Why?
Outnumbered

10. Stamp Act Congress, 1765 Meeting of 9 colonies to repeal the Stamp Act
Important because it was an attempt to unify the colonies (only 9 of the 13 met)
Colonies blamed the British govt. not local officials or the King
Non-importation agreement; boycott
They asserted that their rights were being violated as British citizens and wanted representation in Parliament
“No taxation without representation”
Why would colonist accept taxes from colonial legislatures?
You will read this in the documents

11. Sons and Daughters of Liberty
Secret organization to plot against the British
Led by Samuel Adams in Massachusetts
Urged boycotts of British good and use of colonial goods
Sometimes used violence

12. The Sons of Liberty were so effective that no agents would take taxes for the Stamp Act…..many had resigned
British effects:
Manufactures, shippers, laborers all hurt by boycotts
Why did 7.5 million Brits have to pay taxes for 2 million colonists who wouldn’t pay 1\3 of their own defense?
1766: Stamp Act repealed and to save face……
Declaratory Acts, 1766: Parliament has a right to pass laws for the colonies
It was basically ignored by the colonists
Seen they could hurt Britain
George III still a hero

13. Resistance fighters
When the boycott was over, the upper class now had leadership of the resistance movement
Middle class businessmen had formed the Loyal Nine to fight the Stamp Act; precursor to Sons of Liberty
The S of L didn’t want to alienate the elite and forbade its followers from carrying weapons to avoid violence and keep the elite on their side

14. No one blamed the King Who was blamed? KG3- viva la vida parody
The King is still ok...
No one blamed the King
Who was blamed?
KG3- viva la vida parody

15. Townshend Acts, 1767 also called Revenue Acts
New colonial minister Charles Townshend created these taxes on manufactured goods
Hurts theory of mercantilism
Used to pay British officials royal governors, judges, etc. to remove power from local legislatures
Tax on glass, tea, paint, lead
Hurt merchants the most
Also allowed for a search of homes for smuggled goods; writs of assistance
More resistance to the tax and it was repealed, except for the Tea tax

16. More Protests Massachusetts Circular Letter-1768 John Dickinson
Written by James Otis and Samuel Adams
Urged Parliament to repeal the acts
British officials overreacted to the letter (few paid attention in the colonies to it)
Threats to dissolve colonial legislatures and more British troops
Colonies became more united
John Dickinson
Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania
Parliament could regulate commerce; but duties were a form of taxation and couldn’t be levied on the colonies without consent of the assemblies
No taxation without representation

17. Boston Massacre, 1770 There were lots of British troops in Boston
Boston resented them
Occupied, Catholic, Jobs
Some began to harass them
Colonist threw snowballs, etc. at soldiers (60 townspeople v. 10 redcoats)
Someone opened fire
5 colonists killed (6 wounded) including Crispus Attucks: first man killed for independence (mulatto)
The officers were taken to court, but acquitted; defended by John Adams

18. Propaganda

19. Gaspee Affair British ships were ravaging the coast
1772: The Gaspee ran aground off the coast of Rhode Island
Colonists disguised as Indians came onto the ship, removed the British and set it on fire
No one was brought to trial despite British attempts

20. Committees of Correspondence
Organized by Sam Adams in 1772: Mass.
To spread propaganda and share info about the British
Political education
Virginia created a standing committee in the House of Burgesses for this
By 1774, all the colonies had them
Ben Franklin BR

21. East India Tea Company
By 1773, revolution didn’t seem inevitable or possible
Boycotts were weakening
East India Tea Company had a monopoly on tea for Britain
Applied this to the colonies
They could sell tea at lower prices even with the tax
Still upset at a tax

22. Boston Tea Party, 1773 Smugglers upset (John Hancock)
The Boston Tea Party was organized (there were other tea parties)
They dressed like Indians and dumped 15,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor
Not everyone supported this
Washington feared retaliation
Franklin wanted to repay the Brits
The British responded

23. Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts), 1774
Justice Act (Murder Act)
Anyone charged with murder enforcing royal authority would be tried elsewhere for their protection
Quartering provision
Quebec Act (added later)
Guaranteed French their Catholic religion, customs, etc.
To upset the colonists
Boston was placed under martial law by the new Governor General Thomas Gage
In response to the Boston Tea Party
Four Parts
Boston Port Act
Closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid
Massachusetts Government Act
Reduced power of the Mass. Legislature and gave more power to the royal governor…….restricted town meetings

24. First Continental Congress, 1774
As a result of the Intolerable Acts, the colonies met to discuss how to protect America
They agreed to meet again in 1775 if things didn’t improve
Independence was not a topic
Georgia didn’t send reps
Some colonies began to create militias
Massachusetts Minutemen
The Suffolk Resolves were adopted which rejected the Coercive Acts, called for repeal, urged colonists to resist them
A Declaration of Rights and Grievances was sent to the king to petition him to remove the acts

25. The third part was the creation of the Association
This document called for a complete boycott: non-importation and exportation, non consumption, etc.
Closest so far in the colonies having a unified written constitution

26. Lexington-Concord, April 1775
Immediate cause of the Revolutionary War
King George said Mass was in a state of rebellion
General Gage sent troops to get weapons from the rebels
Paul Revere, William Dawes, Samuel Prescott
“One if by land, two if by sea”
First attack was at Lexington
Then to Concord
Brits marched back to Boston
4000 minutemen assembled in 12 hours

27. School House Rock- Shot heard around the World
The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Listen my children and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five; Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year, etc.
Written by Longfellow during the Civil War to inspire patriotism for the North
School House Rock- Shot heard around the World

28. Many blacks fought on both sides
Black Americans
Many blacks fought on both sides
5000 enlisted in the colonies; mainly from the north who escorted their masters
Some British offered freedom for slaves that fought for England (yeah, right)

29. Britain Advantages Disadvantages Larger population Professional army
7.5 to 2.5 million
Professional army
50,000
30,000 Hessians
50,000 Loyalists
Indians
Experienced leaders and soldiers
Disadvantages
Troops stationed in Ireland
France waiting
No desire in Britain to fight
Poor leaders in America
Far Away
No urban centers in America (capital)
Military budget cuts
Fear of countryside

30. Americans\Colonists\Rebels
Advantages
Good leadership
Diplomats (Franklin, GW)
Foreign aid
Volunteer European officers
Defensive fight
Home court
Self sustaining in agriculture
Better marksmen
Disadvantages
Badly organized Army
Jealousy among colonies
Worthless money
Inflation
Limited supplies of:
Weapons
Manufactured Goods
Unreliable militia
Trading with Brits
1\5 of pop. Loyalists

31. Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration – YouTube
Crash Course #6