1. Road to Revolution 1763-1774 Mr. Owens Crash Course #6: Taxes & Smuggling

2. Essential Questions: What were the political and economic causes of the colonists uniting in opposition to British imperial policies? What were the philosophical and ideological arguments made by colonial leaders encouraging resistance to Britain, including the influence of the Enlightenment? How did leaders like Benjamin Franklin, and popular movements that included laborers, artisans, and women, energize the movement for independence?

3. 1763-1766 King George III’s prime minister George Grenville’s 3 controversial acts 1.Sugar Act (or Revenue Act 1764) mostly attempt to enforce Navigation Acts & cut down on smuggling, actually lowered most taxes on sugar 2.Quartering Act (1765) colonist to provide food & living quarters for troops 3.Stamp Act (1765) placed tax on most printed goods in colonies – first “direct tax” on colonists, “internal tax” Colonists’ Response: 1.Leaders protested – violation of rights, “no taxation without representation,” Patrick Henry (VA), James Otis (MA), Stamp Act Congress met in NY 2.Sons & Daughters of Liberty – used violence & intimidation against tax collectors including tar & feathering 3.Boycotts led to repeal of law in 1766, but issued the “Declaratory Act asserting absolute authority

4. Phase 2: 1767-1770 Charles Townshend appointed chancellor of the exchequer (treasury) Townshend Acts (1767) external tax on imports or tea, glass, paper, raising revenue for colonial officials, eased rules for searching homes of smugglers, suspended NY assembly for ignoring Quartering Act. Colonists response: 1.John Dickinson’s Letter From A Farmer in Pennsylvania (1768) 2.Massachusetts Circular Letter (1768)James Otis & Samuel Adams 3.Colonial Boycott & increased smuggling – Sons of Liberty attack customs houses 4. Daughters of Liberty “homespun” & “spinning bees” British send more troops to Boston & disband MA & NY assemblies Lord North calls for repeal of Townshend Acts in 1770 “Boston Massacre” March 1770 – 5 killed, used as propaganda tool by Samuel Adams

5. 1770-1773 1770-1772 Period of relative calm Committees of Correspondence – communication network headed by Samuel Adams 1772 Gaspee Incident (1772) Patriots burn British customs vessel in Providence, RI Tea Act of 1773 – gave monopoly to British East India Tea Company – colonial boycott Boston Tea Party (Dec 1773) dumped 342 crates into Boston Harbor Colonial reaction mixed: radicals celebrated it, conservatives opposed destruction of property

6. Tar and Feathering

7. “Intolerable Acts” Coercive Acts (1774) Lord North & Parliament to punish MA & Boston 1.Port Act – closes Boston Harbor 2.MA Government Act – shifted power from MA legislature to royal governor 3.Administration of Justice Act – trials in Britain 4.Quartering Act – expanded demands for housing troops Quebec Act (1774): expanded British ruled Quebec to Ohio River, established Roman Catholicism, & British Government without an assembly. Why controversial? All 5 measures labeled “Intolerable Acts” by colonists

8. Q-> What was the extent of Parliament ’ s authority over the colonies?? Absolute or Limited? Q-> Theories of Representation? VIRTUAL vs. ACTUAL Theories of Representation Influence of John Locke – Two Treatises of Government – Natural Rights (1689) Jean Jacques Rousseau – The Social Contract (1767)