1. Waste Management Do Now: Turn to pg. 379 in your textbooks and read the article Transforming New York’s Fresh Kills Landfill Answer questions in notebook: 1.What is “Fresh Kills”? 2.How tall was the highest pile of trash? 3.Why did they reopen the landfill? 4.What does NYplan to use that space for in the future?

2. WASTE WASTE  any unwanted material that results from human activity – Municipal = nonliquid waste – Industrial = waste that comes from production of consumer goods, agriculture, mining, and petroleum extraction – Hazardous = solid or liquid waste that is toxic, chemically reactive, flammable, or corrosive

3. Waste is RISING Since 1960, waste per person has increased by 72% Paper products are the largest component, but plastics have increased the most Average American generates 4.6 lbs of trash per day

4. Sanitary Sanitary landfills  waste is buried in the ground or piled up in large mounds – Designed to prevent waste from threatening public health or contaminating the environment Must meet national standards set for by the EPA under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Waste is decomposed by bacteria Soil is added to increase decomposition and reduce odor

5. The Cons Leachate can escape (liquid that results when substances in the trash dissolve in water No one wants landfills near their home – Need to find more space for more trash – More landfills in poor communities than wealthy Landfill gas = methane (greenhouse gas) “garbage barge” example

6. Incineration Incineration = waste is burned at very high temperatures The ash remaining is toxic and harmful chemicals can be released into the atmosphere

7. We can gain ENERGY from trash Waste to energy  incineration facilities that use the heat produced by waste combustion to boil water that generates steam and drives electricity generation Landfill gas  can be collected, processed and used in the same way as natural gas

8. Ways to REDUCE waste Make industrial practices more efficient Reduce packaging materials for products Purchase “green” products Reuse and recycle items Compost material at home or at the municipal level

9. Compost

10. Compost  converting organic waste into mulch or humus through natural decomposition – Can be used to enrich soil Banana peels, coffee grounds, grass and leaves, etc – Use earthworms, bacteria and other decomposers

11. Recycling

12. Recycling  collecting materials that can be broken down and reprocessed to manufacture new items The pages in your textbook are made from recycled paper Buying recycled goods with “eco-labels” encourages businesses to recycle materials and pay for new recycling facilities

13. What YOU can do! Donate to charity Reuse boxes, bags, aluminum foil, etc Rent or borrow items instead of buying Buy rechargeable batteries Bring your own reusable cup to buy coffee Make double sided copies Use reusable bags when you shop Support organizations that promote waste reduction

14. Do Now (5 min) In your notebooks, define: 1.Municipal waste 2.Industrial waste 3.Hazardous waste

15. Hazardous Waste Ignitable  can catch fire Corrosive  acidic, can corrode metals Reactive  chemically unstable, explosive, or releases fumes Toxic  harmful when inhaled, ingested, or come in contact with skin

16. Hazardous Waste Households currently are the largest source of unregulated hazardous waste – Industry generates the largest amount, but its disposal is heavily managed

17. Hazardous Waste Includes paints, batteries, oils, solvents, cleaning supplies, lubricants, and pesticides

18. Heavy Metals Ex: Lead, chromium, mercury, copper, tin, etc. Enter the environment when paints, electronic devices, batteries, fishing weights, lead shot shells, etc. are improperly disposed Accumulate in rivers, lakes, and forests

19. Electronic Devices Ex: computers, TVs, VCRs, cell phones, etc. Known as electronic waste, or e-waste Nearly 40% of our 2 billion electronic goods that have been produced since 1980 have already been disposed of! Disposed of in landfills, but should be treated as hazardous waste

20. Hazardous Waste Producers, carriers, and disposers must report to the EPA: – The type and amount of material generated – Its location, origin, and destination – The way its being handled

21. Disposal Methods 1.Landfills  must have impervious liners and leachate removal systems 2.Surface impoundments  shallow depressions lined with plastic and clay used for liquid hazardous waste – Mixed with water and allowed to dehydrate until only solid hazardous waste is left 3.Deep-well injection  well drilled deep beneath underground water and into rock where waste is injected

22. Disposal Problems Disposal is costly so companies have been found guilty of illegal dumping – Health risks for residents – Often dumped in other developing countries Polluter pays principle  polluter pays for clean up – Often the polluter cannot be found and money comes from tax payers

23. Contamination Love Canal  New York/Niagara Falls area – Toxic chemicals buried rose to the surface and contaminated homes and an elementary school – Families were evacuated Times Beach, Missouri  entire town evacuated and buildings demolished because of contamination

24. Waste Calculations Your class = 30 Los Angeles = 3,819,702 California = 37,884,602 United States = 313,914,040 World = 6,973,738,433 Write answer to questions on the back - DUE AT END OF PERIOD!