1. WHI- SOL Review Unit 3
Unit 3: SOL 6
Rome

2. Geography of Rome Italian Peninsula (boot)
Center of the Mediterranean Basin
Alps (protection- North)
Mediterranean Sea

3. Government in the Republic
Social Structure
Patricians (rich)
Plebeians (ordinary)
Slaves (not based on race)
Citizenship
Only Patrician & Plebeian MEN
Selected foreigners
Which ones were selected?
Rights: taxes, military service, voting

4. Features of Roman Democracy
Representative Democracy (Republic)
Assemblies
The Senate
Consuls
Laws of Rome = Twelve Tables
Women, aliens, and slaves didn’t have rights in the Republic, but Rome still made strides in helping to create modern democracy

5. Punic Wars: 264 – 146 BC Rome v. Carthage Fought over Trade
Hannibal = General from Carthage. Invaded Italy by riding on elephants through the Alps. (2nd)
3 wars = Ended in the destruction of Carthage. Rome WON!!!

6. Spread of Rome & Creating an Empire
Controlled the Mediterranean Basin
Africa, Asia, Europe, Hellenistic (Greek) Eastern Mediterranean
Conquered western Europe (Gaul & British Isles)
Do you remember which General conquered Gaul?
Julius Caesar

7. The End of the Republic Creating an Imperial Regime
The Roman Republic, in the face of changing social and economic conditions, succumbed to civil war and was replaced by an imperial regime, the Roman Empire.
Creating an Imperial Regime
1st Triumvirate (JCP)
Julius Caesar
2nd Triumvirate (AOL)
Marc Anthony v. Octavian
Empire: had an emperor to control land with military authority
Problem: didn’t have a peaceful succession of emperors
Fall of the Republic
Spread of slavery in the agricultural system
Migration of small farmers into the cities & unemployment
Civil war over the power of Julius Caesar
Inflation

8. Pax Romana & Its Impact
Augustus Caesar established the Roman Empire by instituting civil service, rule by law a common coinage, and secure travel and trade throughout the Empire. Following Augustus Caesar, the Roman Empire enjoyed 200 years of peace & prosperity known as the Pax Romana.

9. Augustus & the Pax Romana
200 yrs of peace & prosperity under imperial rule
Solidified Empire in Near East
Social Impacts:
Returned stability to the social classes
Increased emphasis on the family
Economic impacts:
Common coinage, expanded trade
Safe travel & trade on Roman roads
Political impacts:
Civil service
Rule of law

10. Roman mythology Religion of the Roman Republic Polytheistic
Based on Greek mythology
Explained natural phenomena, human qualities & life events
**Flip to page 33 to fill this section in
Gods & Goddesses
Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, Diana, Minerva, Venus, Mercury, Mars
Mainly have planet names

11. Christianity Followers of Jesus spread it & eventually changed Western Civilization.
Beliefs, Traditions & Customs:
Monotheism
Jesus = Son & Incarnation of god
Life after Death
New Testament
Church councils determined early doctrine
Origins:
Judaism
Jesus of Nazareth (Messiah)
Conflicted with polytheistic beliefs in the empire

12. Christianity… Church grew in power Spread of Christianity
Constantine converted to Christianity (CCC)
Edict of Milan
Official religion of the Empire
Became the moral authority
Loyalty to Church > loyalty to Emperor
Main unifying force of Western Europe
Spread of Christianity
Popular message
Early martyrs inspired people
Martyr = Dies for their cause
Apostles, including Paul, spread it throughout the Empire

13. Fall of the Roman Empire
Size: too big to handle
Economy: cost of defense & devaluation of currency
Military: Army started to include Non-Romans
Moral Decay: loss of faith in Rome & the family
Political: Civil war & weak leaders
Invasion: attacks on borders
Division of Roman Empire
Constantine moved capital to Byzantium (Constantinople)
West “fell” in 476 AD, while the East lived for another 1000 years
Eastern Roman Empire = the Byzantine Empire

14. The Eastern & Western Empires

15. Roman Contributions Art/ Architecture: Pantheon, Coliseum, Forum
Technology/ Engineering: Roads, aqueducts, Roman arches, Concrete
Science: Ptolemy (geocentric theory of the universe)
Medicine: Emphasis on public health (public baths; public water system; medical schools)
Language: Latin, Romance languages
Literature: Virgil’s Aenid
Religion: Roman mythology; adoption of Christianity as the imperial religion
Law: The principle of “innocent until proven guilty” (from the Twelve Tables)

17. Question time! Let’s see how you do.
Questions based off of SOL 6

18. Punic Wars
?????????
Defeated Carthage
Which of the following would best complete the chart? A. Expanded the power of the Roman Republic B. Expanded the power of the Roman Empire C. Expanded trade in the Roman Empire D. Scipio invaded the Italian Peninsula

19. Which of the following is a cause for the decline of the Roman Republic?
Civil war over the power of Octavian Caesar
Amount of slaves in the agricultural system decreased
Amount of farm land worked by small farmers decreased
Roman army started to include barbarians, resulting in a lack of discipline

20. Julius Caesar was assassinated on the “Ides of March” (March 15th), 44 BC. Why?
In a last-ditch effort to save the Roman Empire
In a last-ditch effort to save the Roman Republic
He was killed by the jealous husband of one of his lovers
His wife stabbed him to death for cheating on her

21. - Jesus is both the savior and the son of God. -Monotheistic
Which religion is being described above? A. Shintoism B. Judaism C. Christianity D. Islam

22. “Christianity is proclaimed as a legal religion in this empire…All Christians have the right to openly worship without being harassed…”
Which emperor would have said the quote above? A. Constantine B. Caligula C. Charlemagne D. Theodosius

23. Who moved the capital of Rome to Byzantium?
Constantine
Diocletian
Charlemagne
Justinian