1. Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids Ch. 5.2--> 5.4

2. Quick Review (write down your answers)
What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule?
Compare monomers and Polymers.
What happens when you build a polymer? Break down a polymer?
Polymers:
Build --> dehydration reaction --> water removed
Breakdown --> hydrolysis -->water added

3. Objectives Structure & function of sugars
Name and function of 3 polysaccharides
Characteristics of lipids
Structure and function of fats, proteins, & amino acids

4. Carbohydrates
Organic compound
Made of C, H, O
Always CH2O ratio

5. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides
One sugar unit
i.e., glucose
Main Source of Energy!

6. Carbohydrates Disaccharides
Double sugar
What reaction do cells use to construct this?
Dehydration reaction
Sucrose
glucose + fructose
table sugar, plant sap

7. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides
Long chains of sugar units
Starch
Where do we find starch?
Found in plant cells
Can we break it down?
Let’s try with some crackers…
Chew for 1 min, do NOT swallow. Write down initial taste and write down tastee after 1 min

8. The Breakdown Amylase in saliva -->
Hydrolyzed(add H2O) the starch --> released maltose --> sweet taste
Remember, adding water breaks down polymers

9. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides (types)
Glycogen:
Polysaccharide used by humans
Store and break down to glucose when need energy
Cellulose:
Found in cell wall of plants
Provides structure
We can’t digest it, call it “fiber”
GREAT for pooping!

10. Check with your neighbor
Explain the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide. Give an example of each
Monosachharide = one sugar unit;
examples include: glucose, fructose, or galactose
Disaccharide = two sugar units
Example: sucrose

11. Lipids
Ch. 5.3

12. Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic What do these terms mean?
Water loving
Examples?
Cotton, tissue, watercolor paper
Hydrophobic:
Water-avoiding
Examples?
Wax, vinyl, rubber

13. Lipids Water avoiding compounds Hydrophobic Fats:
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Saturated and unsaturated

14. Two Types of Lipids: Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Saturated fat:
Single bonds
Solid at room temp
Unsaturated fat:
C is double bonded
Loose arrangement
Liquid at room temp

15. What type of fat is this? Saturated or Unsaturated? Unsaturated!
How do you know?
Online activity 5.3

16. Proteins 5.4
Structural proteins:
mouse cells

17. Proteins Constructed of monomers called amino acids
Only 20 amino acids. That’s it!
Specific shapes --> diff. jobs
Many different functions. Any ideas?
Structure for hair, muscles, nails, tendons, enzymes, defend against harmful microorganisms, chemical reactions in cells

19. Building a Protein
Amino acids (AA) link together in a chain, or polypeptide
What kind of reaction happens when a “chain” is built?
Dehydration reaction --> loss of water
Diff. Order of AA --> diff. Proteins
Many possible combinations
Some proteins are 100 AA’s in length!
Online activity 5.4

20. Did we obtain our objectives?
Describe basic structure & function of sugars
Name and function of 3 polysaccharides
Characteristics of lipids
Structure and function of fats
Structure & function of proteins & amino acid