1. Rivalry Between Nations (pages 258-259) Identify 3 problems that arose from WWI. List the countries of the Axis Powers. List the countries of the Allied Powers. Explain the Holocaust. How did WWII end?

2. Discussion Notes 10-1 The Modern Era I. A Rapidly Changing World A. In the 1700’s the “Industrial Revolution” began and allowed people to use machinery and new methods to increase productivity. B. The “Industrial Revolution” happened as a result of Britain’s large supply of natural resources, raw materials, and workers. C. Textiles were the first major industry. II. Changing Lifestyles A. Industrial workers worked long hours and in dangerous conditions. B. Workers then formed unions that bargained for better conditions. C. The Industrial Revolution resulted in better living conditions and stronger economies for countries.

3. III. Rivalry Between Nations A. Under imperialism, European countries claimed colonies in Asia and Africa in the late 1800’s B. WWI broke out in Europe in 1914 and as a result many once- strong countries became weak. The U.S. and Japan became great powers. C. In 1917, the Russian Revolution led to the system of communism. D. In the 1930’s, worldwide depression and problems that were not solved led to WWII. E. After WWII, the Soviet Union and U.S. emerged as world powers. Discussion Notes 10-2 (A Continent Divided) I. The Cold War A. The global competition between democratic U.S. and Communist Soviet Union to spread its ideas was known as the Cold War.

4. B. Both sides had a large amount of nuclear weapons. C. The U.S. lent money to help rebuild Europe, and to stop the spread of communism (Marshall Plan). II. West European Nations Cooperate A. In 1948, the Truman Doctrine offered military aid to those who were fighting communism inside their borders. B. In 1949, NATO was formed to respond to possible attacks by the Soviet Union. All agreed to help one another if attacked. III. The Soviet Community A. In Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union made satellite nations of these countries. B. In 1955, the Soviet Union formed its satellites into an alliance known as the Warsaw Pact.

5. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)  United States  Belgium  Britain  Canada  Denmark  France  Iceland  Italy  Luxemburg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  1952: Greece & Turkey  1955: West Germany  1983: Spain

6. Warsaw Pact (1955) }U. S. S. R. }Albania }Bulgaria }Czechoslovakia }East Germany }Hungary }Poland }Rumania

7. IV. A Clash Between the Superpowers A. In 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded, closed off Berlin which created much tension. B. Two separate governments were also set up in Germany, W. Germany (Democratic) and E. Germany (Communist) C. The city of Berlin was also divided by two in which the Soviet Union created the Berlin Wall to prevent people from leaving E. Berlin. V. The End of the Cold War A. In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev, introduce reforms to stimulate the economy. B. In the late 1980’s the Soviet Union moved towards capitalism and democracy and as a result their satellites became independent.

8. Post-War Germany

9. Discussion Notes 10-3 (Moving Toward Unity) I. The End of the Soviet Union A. Protests in E. Germany led to the Berlin Wall coming down and the reunification of Germany in 1990. B. In 1991, Soviet Union broke up in which 15 new countries formed. II. The New Europe A. Today, Europe is becoming an economic power. B. Some Europeans would like to see the European Union become the United States of Europe. C. In 2002, most of the EU’s members use the same currency, the Euro.

10. III. Facing the Region’s Problems A. Some of the problems that the EU is trying to solve is the income gap, population growth, and increasing food and health needs. B. There is some tension between NATO and Russia. NATO serves as a peacekeeper today. C. Europe also faces various environmental problems.