2. Land Pollution

4. Causes of land pollution Improper disposal of sewage  Countries have difficulty finding suitable places to dispose of the waste.  Where there is insufficient control over the proper disposal of waste, rubbish are either left in public places or illegal dumping grounds.

5. Semakau Landfill is filled mainly with ash produced by Singapore's four incineration plants, which incinerate the country's waste, shipped there in a covered barge (to prevent the ash from getting blown into the air) every night.ashincineration plantsbarge

6. Causes of land pollution Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides  Chemical fertilizers and pesticides pollute the soil.  Pests usually develop resistance to pesticides over time causing farmers to increase the amount of pesticides used. As a result, the problem of soil contamination is worsened.

7. Effects of land pollution Negative impact on human health  Eyesore  Waste that is disposed of improperly can be unhygienic  Waste attracts pests such as flies and rats which carries germs and spread diseases.

8. Effects of water pollution Poisoning of animals  Useful organisms such as earthworms will be affected.  Birds which feed on earthworm will consume the toxic chemicals as well.  Their reproductive system will be affected.  Eventually, some species of bird will go extinct. Toxic chemicals