1. 18-1 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Chapter Eighteen Child Abuse and Neglect

2. 18-2 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Child Maltreatment Encompasses all aspects of harmful or injurious behaviors toward children. – Child abuse involves harmful acts. – Child neglect refers to failure to protect a child from harm.

3. 18-3 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Types of Child Maltreatment Physical abuse Neglect Sexual abuse and exploitation Emotional abuse

4. 18-4 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Physical Abuse Battered child syndrome – pattern of abuse over time Shaken baby syndrome – injuries from violent shaking Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy – adult induces symptoms to make a child ill

5. 18-5 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Neglect Physical neglect – deprivation of basic necessities Medical neglect – failure to provide medical or health care Educational neglect – failure to provide for educational needs Emotional neglect – not interacting appropriately or responsively

6. 18-6 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Sexual Abuse and Exploitation Forced sexual contact Fondling Molesting Assaulting Indecent exposure to sexual acts or materials Coercion to participate in prostitution or pornography

7. 18-7 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Emotional Abuse Verbal abuse Threatening Ridiculing Making demands beyond developmental level Terrorizing Isolating Rejecting Selling child for sexual purposes Deserting or abandoning child

8. 18-8 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador What if… You observe a parent interacting harshly with a child and using threats that seem to be escalating? How would you respond?

9. 18-9 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Personal Risk Factors Associated with Abusing Adults Having been abused as a child Having experienced punitive parenting Having a negative view of self Experiencing low self-esteem Suffering from depression Having substance abuse problems Having poor control of impulses Being a young or teenage parent Having expectations of a child’s behavior and ability that are unrealistic or not age appropriate

10. 18-10 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Situational Risk Factors Associated with Abusing Adults Being physically or socially isolated Being a single parent Being a victim of domestic violence Dealing with family or economics issues such as unemployment or financial concerns Being an unrelated male in the home

11. 18-11 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Triggering Factors Associated with Abusing Adults Children’s challenging behaviors, such as excessive crying or misbehaving. Discipline that has gotten out of control, such as spanking that escalates. Teaching situations that have gotten out of control, such as exerting excessive pressure when toilet training. Adult arguments that carry over to behaviors acted out against a child.

12. 18-12 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Physical Signs of Maltreatment Observable marks Observable movements Visible signs that the parent is ignoring child’s needs Child statements Hiding signs such as clothing layers or conflicting information

13. 18-13 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Child Behavioral Signs Communicating through play Change in mood Change in activity level

14. 18-14 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Reporting Child Abuse Mandatory reporters are required by law to report suspected child abuse and neglect. – Teachers and others employed in positions that have close contact with children are considered mandatory reporters. – Teachers must report suspected abuse. Gather as much information as possible. Reassure children they will be safe. Do not contact parents or other family members to inform them that a report has been made.

15. 18-15 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Forms of Violence and Impacts Forms of Violence Domestic violence Media violence Community violence Impact on Children Self esteem and helplessness issues Fears and inability to trust Sleep disturbances Temper tantrums and aggressive behaviors Withdrawal behaviors, attachment issues

16. 18-16 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Planning a Supportive Curriculum Provide appropriate outlets for expressing emotions. Reduce the child’s sense of isolation. Create opportunities for problem solving. Address violent play behaviors. Promote healthy play.

17. 18-17 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Supporting Parents Provide support programs for parents, especially first-time parents. Enhance family relationships. Teach parenting skills. Provide access to emergency care and shelter for domestic violence protection.

18. 18-18 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador What if… A child in your class reports that he witnessed acts of violence and was afraid to go outside? How would you respond?