1. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. Online PowerPoints to accompanyCornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well Fifth Edition Robert M. Sherfield Rhonda J. Montgomery Patricia G. Moody

2. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. CHAPTER TWELVE COMMUNICATE: Fostering Your Research, Writing, and Speaking Talents CORNERSTONE: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well

3. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. CHAPTER 12 OBJECTIVES This chapter can help you: Develop research skillsDevelop research skills Select topics for presentationsSelect topics for presentations Appreciate the power of wordsAppreciate the power of words Gain employability skillsGain employability skills Analyze various types of audiencesAnalyze various types of audiences Organize and deliver quality speechesOrganize and deliver quality speeches

4. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. TEN STEPS TO COMMUNICATION SUCCESS Topic selection Topic selection Audience analysis Audience analysis Purpose statement Purpose statement Research process Research process Organization Organization Writing process Writing process Documentation Documentation Outlining Outlining Using audio-visual aids Using audio-visual aids Rehearsal and delivery Rehearsal and delivery

5. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. TOPIC SELECTION TOPIC SELECTION What type of paper or speech are you writing? What type of paper or speech are you writing? What are your talents and interests? What are your talents and interests? Is there sufficient material? Is there sufficient material? Is your topic appropriate? Is your topic appropriate? Can it be discussed in the time allowed? Can it be discussed in the time allowed? Can the topic be narrowed? Can the topic be narrowed?

6. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. AUDIENCE ANALYSIS Race and gender Race and gender Sexual orientation Sexual orientation Values and beliefs Values and beliefs Religion Religion Attitudes Attitudes Politics Politics Marital or parental status Marital or parental status Socio-economic status Socio-economic status Occupation or interests Occupation or interests Level of education or understanding Level of education or understanding

7. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. SOURCES FOR RESEARCH n Personal interviews with experts n Electronic and print indexes n Books n Electronic library catalog and databases n The Internet n Periodicals n Newspapers n Reference materials n Government documents

8. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. ORGANIZATION Spatial Spatial Cause/effect Cause/effect Chronological Chronological Problem-solving Problem-solving Topical/categorical Topical/categorical Compare/contrast Compare/contrast Importance/priority Importance/priority

9. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. ETHICS FOR WRITING AND SPEAKING n Share only what you know to be true n Be fully prepared and informed n Consider your audience’s best interest n Make your message clear n Don’t use words as weapons n Don’t “spin” information n Respect cultural diversity n Know you are accountable for your words

10. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. LANGUAGE USAGE Use colorful, vivid language Use colorful, vivid language Use unbiased language Use unbiased language Use simple language Use simple language Use concrete language Use concrete language Use parallelism Use parallelism

11. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. CREATING AN EFFECTIVE INTRODUCTION n Tell a story or create a mental picture n Use startling facts or statistics n Refer to a well-known event n Ask pertinent rhetorical questions n Use novel ideas or striking statements n Use quotations n Use humor n Show a visual

12. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. CONCLUDING A PAPER OR SPEECH n Summarize main points n Make a final appeal to audience n Refer back to introduction n Complete the opening story n Re-emphasize the impact of your topic n Use a vivid analogy or simile n End powerfully

13. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. BE SURE TO DOCUMENT… n Direct quotations n Others’ opinions, judgments, insights n Information not widely known n Information open to dispute n Information not commonly accepted n Tables, charts, graphs, statistics

14. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. AUDIO / VISUAL AIDS Physical objects Physical objects Models, drawings, maps Models, drawings, maps Photographs, slides Photographs, slides Graphs, charts, tables Graphs, charts, tables Slick or chalkboards Slick or chalkboards Audio or video recordings Audio or video recordings Posters, flip charts Posters, flip charts Computer graphics or presentations Computer graphics or presentations Real people, yourself Real people, yourself

15. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. WHY WE FEAR PUBLIC SPEAKING Fear of failure Fear of failure Fear of the unknown Fear of the unknown Fear of evaluation Fear of evaluation Fear of attention Fear of attention Fear of difference Fear of difference Fear of cultural differences Fear of cultural differences

16. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. CHAPTER REFLECTION n Use a comprehensive thesis statement n Use credible, documented research n Use Internet sources with caution n Rehearse speeches aloud often n Take opportunities to speak in public n Use logical organization n Use a variety of research sources n Develop an “I can” attitude n Choose topics you know n Use a keyword outline n Analyze and relate to the audience n Use vivid, colorful language n Use technology to complement your presentation

17. Cornerstone: Discovering Your Potential, Learning Actively, and Living Well, 5e Sherfield, Montgomery, & Moody © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. JUST FOR FUN !! Character Illustration by Christian O’Brien