1. The Protestant Reformation
Reform: to change for the better

2. The Reformation was the questioning of the authority of the Catholic Church and some of its corrupt practices by individuals who believed in their potential to communicate with God more honestly.

3. Key Terms Reform: to change for the better
Protestant: one who protests (objects)
Clergy: those who perform the functions of a church
Indulgence: a grant by the pope of partial remission (lessening) of time to be spent in purgatory or of some other consequence of a sin.
Schism: a split or break
Heresy: contradiction of beliefs (sin)

4. Background—Late Middle Ages
Great Schism (Western)
French King and Pope quarrel over taxing clergy
Pope dies
New pope moves Catholic center from Rome to Avignon, France

5. Pope Clement V: 1305–1314
Pope John XXII: 1316–1334
Pope Benedict XII: 1334–1342
Pope Clement VI: 1342–1352
Pope Innocent VI: 1352–1362
Pope Urban V: 1362–1370
Pope Gregory XI: 1370–1378
Popes of Avignon
Result: Christians believe the Church is controlled by the French king and lose respect for the office of the pope. (the papacy)

6. 1377—Papacy moves back to Rome (p.349)
1378—French Cardinals leave Rome, return to Avignon, elect own pope.
40 years—two popes—people call for reform

7. St. Catherine of Sienna—p. 351 (Italy)
Devoted “bride” of Jesus
Convinced Pope to return to Rome—helped end schism
Example for leading spiritual life

8. John Wycliffe --England
Church asks for too much money
Questioned pope’s authority
Sale of indulgences immoral
Bible supreme source of authority—not pope
John Wycliffe --England

9. Indulgence: salvation for sale $
A release from punishment in the afterlife—plenary or partial.
Became a way for corrupt church officials to make money—they sold them!
Indulgence: salvation for sale $

10. Had Bible translated from Latin & printed in English
Banned from Catholic Church as a heretic.
His followers persecuted
p. 350

11. Jan Hus (Bohemia—now part of Germany): follower of Wycliffe burned for his beliefs:
return church to people
Church too wealthy
Jesus, not pope, head of church
Bible should be in people’s common language

12. p. 351

13. Renaissance Influence
worth of individual
questioning
human potential
individuals begin to take initiative over institutions
Renaissance Influence

14. So……….
The Reformation was the questioning of the authority of the Catholic Church and some of its corrupt practices by individuals who believed in their potential to communicate with God more honestly.

15. Dutch Humanist
Wrote In Praise of Folly: Satire that highlighted the abuses of Church leaders-- widely read
Wanted to reform the Church from within
“Erasmus laid the egg and Luther hatched it.”

16. Martin Luther Accused Church of selling false salvation.
Catholic priest against Indulgences
95 Thesis posted on door of Wittenberg Cathedral in Germany
List of arguments against many Church abuses.
Martin Luther
Accused Church of selling false salvation.

17. Believed that men attained salvation through faith—not just through good works (or indulgences!)
Bible true source of authority
All Christians are priests—can attain own salvation
through the effective use of the word of God.

19. Introduction the Luther—the Movie
Johann Tetzel ( ) was a Dominican priest who is perhaps best known for selling indulgences during the 16th century. In 1517, Tetzel was trying to raise money for the ongoing construction of St. Peter's Basilica and it is believed that Martin Luther was inspired to write his 95 Theses, in part, due to Tetzel's actions during this period.

20. ALFRED MOLINA (Johann Tetzel)

21. Emperor Charles V
HRE

22. HRE 800 (Green)
HRE 1500 (White)

23. Prince of Saxony—a German state
Prince Frederick the Wise
(kicked ideas around with Erasmus)

25. Diet of Worms (Diet is a gathering of officials, Worms is a city in Germany.)
Meeting where he is found to be a heretic & excommunicated from Catholic Church (like trial)

26. Peace of Augsberg p. 353
Cause: German Lutherans and Catholics were warring over religion
Result: Christian unity ended—because each prince within the HRE could determine the religion of his region

27. John Calvin: French Beliefs:
God had already chosen those who would be saved (Predestination)
Wealth & business success was a sign you had been chosen
p. 354
John Calvin: French

28. What Reformers Wanted
To do away with corruption and abuses of power by members of the Catholic clergy.
To purify the Church
To make the Bible the true source of authority—that’s why translation was important

29. King Henry VIII—p. 355
Founder of the Church of England
Also called Anglican or Episcopalian

30. Wife # 1 –no male heir, he wants divorce. Pope won’t allow.
Forms his own Church to marry wife #2
Also wanted the wealth of the Church

31. Helped write King James version of Bible
William Tyndale
English priest who supported Martin Luther’s beliefs.
Visited Belgium where he was arrested and burned as a heretic.
Helped write King James version of Bible

34. Council of Trent p. 364
What was its purpose?
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