2. Human Powered Modular System Purpose: Create a device capable of providing basic needs to people in developing nations at a relatively low cost Focus: Water purification is most important feature Additional modules for switching functions Low cost

3. Human Power Supply

4. For long duration / low intensity operations Human input = 0.1 hp Very sustainable for a healthy person Short duration / low intensity operations will not overly tire the operator For Short duration / high intensity operations Human input = 0.2 hp Sustainable for durations less than 3 hours Will leave the operator very tired after extended operation

5. Human Input Mechanism Goals: Simple, natural motion Efficient transfer of mechanical energy Design Criteria: Portable Rigid Construction Multiple gear ratios

6. Modules Water Filtration Electricity Generator Irrigation Pump Grist Mill

7. Reverse Osmosis Two liquids of different concentrations separated by semi-permeable membrane Less saturated naturally flows into more saturated Pressure is applied to reverse this process and is known as reverse osmosis or RO Dirty water flows through membrane thereby filtering it dirty water  clean water

8. Reverse Osmosis Purifies water Highly efficient Relatively low cost 4 stages of filtration Sediment filter Activated carbon filter RO membrane Activated carbon filter

9. Numerical Analysis Power requirement: P = Q*p (P: Power, Q: volumetric flow rate, p: pressure) p = 100 psi Q = 19 gal/hr P = 0.019 HP

10. UV Purification Disables reproduction of microorganisms RO system filters out Most effective at 253.7 nm wavelength Different microorganisms require different intensities Average approx. 30 mJ/cm 2 Power required depends on exposure time affected by: Size of bulb and pipe Flow rate of water

11. Electrical Generation Module Goals: Charge various types of batteries up to 12V Provide a source of low current DC electricity for high efficiency light sources (LED based) Design Criteria: Human input = 0.2 hp Expected efficiency = 30% Expected output = 4 Amps (for 12V)

12. Irrigation Module Goals: Obtain unfiltered water Irrigate a small field Design Criteria: Flow Rate, Q = 5 GPM Well Depth = 100 ft Human Input = 0.18 hp Reliable Long pump life Simple to maintain

13. Grist Mill Module Goals: Grind grain Design: Must accept various types of grain Must be able to provide different levels of grind fineness: Fine grinds for flower Coarse grinds for cornmeal

14. Conclusion Uses: Developing nations Emergency disaster response (e.g. FEMA) Camping/backpacking Expected final cost: Approx. $500 for base system w/ water purification module Roughly couple hundred dollars per additional module