2. Global Water Crisis One billion people do not have access to clean drinking water. 3.6 million people die each year from water-related diseases. 98% of water-related deaths occur in the developing world. A person can only live for a few days without water.

3. Reverse Osmosis Two liquids of different concentrations separated by semi-permeable membrane Less saturated naturally flows into more saturated Pressure is applied to reverse this process and is known as reverse osmosis or RO Dirty water flows through membrane thereby filtering it dirty water  clean water

4. Reverse Osmosis Advantages: Disadvantages: Finest filtration method Filters chemicals, bacteria, viruses No chemicals needed Relatively simple process High pressure requirement Slow production rate Uses lots of water to produce Pretreatment needed  

5. Power Source Non-Renewable: Renewable: Electricity Gas Coal Nuclear Geothermal Wind Solar Human Power Electricity Gas Coal Nuclear Geothermal Wind Solar

6. Design… Bicycle driven reverse osmosis system

7. Components: Bicycle Simple, natural motion Ease of use Relatively low cost

8. Components: Jerry Can Tank Holds to be purified 5 gallons Strong construction Long lasting

9. Components: Hand Air Pump Applies pressure to tank Simple Low cost Easy to fix/replace

10. Components: APEC RO-CTOP Purifies water Highly efficient Relatively low cost 4 stages of filtration Sediment filter Activated carbon filter RO membrane Activated carbon filter

11. Process 1. Fill dirty (fresh) water into tank and seal it Water passes through pre-filters removing large sediment 2. Pedal bike Gears turn, driving linkage system to slide pump back and forth 3. Pump pressurizes tank, thus forcing water through the system 4. Water travels through first two filters and splits into 2 routes Rinse water and water to be purified 5. Water travels through RO membrane being purified Rinse water passes over membrane continually cleaning it 6. Purified water passes through last filter and exits Rinse water exits device

12. Numerical Analysis Power requirement: P = Q*p (P: Power, Q: volumetric flow rate, p: pressure) p = 100 psi Q = 19 gal/hr P = 0.019 HP

13. Practical Feasibility Only 0.02 HP needed Person can provide 0.10 HP for 8 hrs 10 min per gallon One person needs ½ gallon daily 5 min per person per day Cost: $400

14. Other Considerations RO membrane last for 3-4 years Bicycle can be used for transport Rinse water used for cleaning, cooking, irrigation, etc. Small village could have clean water for only $400

15. Conclusion Viable Efficient Economical Effective