1. iClicker Questions for Unit 7B: Thinking, Problem Solving, Creativity, and Language Psychology for AP by David G. Myers Karla Gingerich, Colorado State University

2. To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: A. the availability heuristic. B. functional fixedness. C. an algorithm. D. the representativeness heuristic.

3. Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: A. functional fixedness. B. the availability heuristic. C. belief perseverance. D. the representativeness heuristic.

4. A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full- time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage of: A. confirmation bias. B. functional fixedness. C. belief perseverance. D. the representativeness heuristic.

5. Which of the following is TRUE? A. People underestimate the accuracy of their judgments. B. People pay closest attention to information that disconfirms what they believe. C. It is difficult for most people to explain away their failures. D. People are overconfident about how they will perform on various tasks.

6. Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third. This best illustrates: A. framing. B. belief bias. C. representativeness heuristics. D. confirmation bias.

7. Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: A. the representativeness heuristic. B. belief perseverance. C. confirmation bias. D. functional fixedness.

8. In English, it is appropriate to refer to “a pretty bird,” but not to “a bird pretty.” This best illustrates the importance of: A. syntax. B. semantics. C. morphemes. D. phonemes.

9. Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This illustrates: A. telegraphic speech. B. linguistic determinism. C. functional fixedness. D. the representativeness heuristic.

10. Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like "push" before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like "go"? A. B. F. Skinner B. Benjamin Lee Whorf C. Noam Chomsky D. Beatrix Gardner

11. Which of the following is NOT included as part of today’s general definition of intelligence? A. the ability to solve problems B. the ability to use knowledge to adapt to new situations C. the ability to understand people and emotions D. the ability to learn from experience

12. Although diagnosed with autism and hardly able to speak coherently, 18-year- old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as: A. g factor. B. Down syndrome. C. emotional intelligence. D. savant syndrome.

13. When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister's frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates: A. factor analysis. B. analytic intelligence. C. predictive validity. D. emotional intelligence.

14. Critical Thinking Questions

15. Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage. Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving? A. availability heuristic B. insight C. prototype confusion D. confirmation bias

16. A typical one-year-old child: A. uses telegraphic speech. B. imitates two-word phases. C. is in the cooing stage. D. has lost the ability to discriminate phoneme sounds outside her native language.

17. Noam Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition holds that people have an inborn universal grammar that makes learning of language easy for children. Which of the following statements is used as support for this theory? A. Children repeat words that they hear frequently. B. Regardless of the language learned, children tend to make similar errors of grammar when they first begin to learn language. C. Chimpanzees and other apes can easily learn language. D. Some children’s vocabularies are extensive, despite the fact that they may live in poor environments.