2. I. Bryophytes - mosses = many plants growing in a tight pack. No waxy cuticle and do not retain developing embryos w/i mother plant’s gametangium. Need water to reproduce; sperm are flagellated, must swim through water to reach eggs No vascular tissue to carry water(grow low to ground) and lack lignin Like damp, shady places Green spongy plant = gametophyte (male & female are separate plant shoots)(n) Taller brown shoot with a capsule, grows out of gametohyte = sporophyte (2n)

3. Alternation of Generations - 2 generations that take turns producing each other Gametophytes produce eggs and sperm; must unite to form a zygote, which forms new sporophytes. Sporophytes produce spores Spores can develop into a new organism without uniting, & have a tough coat to resist harsh environments. The new organism then produces gametophytes again. Gametophyte = larger more obvious plant in mosses

4. Moss- Gametophyte (left) and Archegonium (female gametophyte) (right) (Antheridium = male gametopyte.)

5. Sporophyte generation (left) and Sporangia (right) Moss is cool! E.C. for bringing in moss with both generations. (In late spring.)

6. II. Ferns - diverse with 12,000 species, most in tropics, many in temperate woodlands of U.S. Evolution of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) Sperm are still flagellated-must swim through a film of water to fertilize eggs Are still seedless - have spores During Carboniferous Period, ferns in swamp forests converted to coal - (black sedimentary rock made up of fossilized plant material)

7. Alternation of Generations in ferns. Sporophytes are diploid and gametophytes are haploid Sporophyte is the dominant stage in ferns. (Gametophyte was dominant in mosses) Heart shaped gametophyte = prothallus