1. The Colonization of Georgia Study Guide

2. Who Was James Oglethorpe? Born in London in 1696 Member of an Influential Family Well Educated Wealthy Cared Greatly for People in Trouble Tried to Find Ways to Help Them Member of Parliament’s House of Commons

3. Why did Oglethorpe want to form a new colony? James Edward Oglethorpe and 20 other influential men in Great Britain made a plan to create a new colony for the working poor. They envisioned a colony for people who faced jail time for bad debts.

4. silk, dyes, wine, spices, and semi-tropical fruit What products did James Oglethorpe promise to send back to England?

5. Why Was Georgia Created? DefenseEconomicsCharity Religion = Unofficial Reason

6. In 1732, King George II created a charter allowing 21 Trustees, including Oglethorpe, to create a Georgia colony and oversee it for 21 years. King George II Who was Georgia named after?

7. Georgia’s Charter 6,000 Words Many Limits...document establishing Georgia as a colony

8. Trustees Could Not... Be Given Money for their Work Own Land Hold Political Office

9. WHO COULD NOT BECOME COLONISTS? Papists (Catholics) Blacks Liquor Dealers Lawyers

10. The First Georgia Colonists Debtors & Prisoners

11. The First Georgia Colonists Carefully Investigated Promised 50 acres of land, tools, and enough food for 1 year If they could pay their own way, received 500 acres of land and permission to take 10 indentured servants.

12. In Exchange.... They Agreed to... Defend the New Colony Land Could Not Be Sold Farm the Land Grow Mulberry Trees on Portion of Land Obey all regulations established by the trustees.

13. Between 114 and 125 settlers sailed from England on the ship Ann in 1732.

14. Tomochichi Oglethorpe befriended Tomochichi, chief of the Yamacraw Indians.

15. Yamacraw Bluff Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff overlooking the Savannah River. This became the first settlement of the new Georgia colony.

16. Who was Mary Musgrove? Daughter of a white trader and an Indian woman from a powerful family of the Creek nation. Served as an interpreter between James Oglethorpe and the Native Americans. She and her first husband, John Musgrove, established fur trade with the Creeks. Instrumental in the peaceful founding of Savannah.

17. Layout Basic Design= Square shaped unit called a “ward” At the center of each ward was a large, open space called a square. The four corners of each ward contained a “tything” (consisted of 10 house lots each). These 10 house lots were reserved for the private homes of the settlers. Each house lot measured 60 by 90 feet. Ten men in each tything were ready to bear arms at all times. The squares served as assembly points and drilling spaces for those militiamen. In case of attack, farm animals and colonists could take refuge in the squares. East and West of the Squares/Wards = Trust Lots (Reserved for public structures like churches, banks, or government buildings).

18. Who surveyed & designed the City of Savannah? Oglethorpe Jones Bull Castell

19. Why was the city of Savannah built beside the Savannah River? To facilitate shipping (imports/exports)

20. What were the blocks of Savannah called? tythings

21. The Salzburgers A group of German protestants were forced to leave Salzburg, which was controlled by the Catholics. They settled in a town called Ebenezer (Rock of Help), about 25 miles from Savannah.

22. Why did the Salzburgers move from their original location? They worked hard, spoke a different language, and stayed to themselves. Three years later, they moved to Red Bluff and settled a new town called New Ebenezer because the land was marshy with poor soil for crops.

23. Highland Scots Recruited by Oglethorpe to provide defense for Georgia. Very capable soldiers Built a fort at Darien –Fort King George

24. War of Jenkin’s Ear The War of Jenkin’s Ear broke out between Great Britain and Spain in 1739. Several years earlier, Spanish sailors were said to have cut off the ear of Robert Jenkins, a British seaman, to serve as a warning to British ship captains smuggling goods off the Florida coast.

25. Oglethorpe welcomed the war! He wanted to invade Florida. Oglethorpe organized an army of about 2,000 men with plans to capture Spanish forts in Florida. Spain’s well-organized militia met Oglethorpe and his men in a surprise attack and forced the Georgians, South Carolinians, and their Indian allies to retreat to St. Simon’s Island. Why did Oglethorpe Welcome the War of Jenkin’s Ear?

26. The Battle of Bloody Marsh Oglethorpe heard that the Spanish were going to attack again. They waited in the dense woods along the marshes of St. Simon’s Island and took the Spanish by surprise. Georgia’s southern border was protected.

27. Who helped Oglethorpe and his men win this battle? Highland Scots

28. Regulations enforced by Oglethorpe did not allow: R rum trade R buying large tracts of land R use of slave labor

29. Malcontents Those who complained about the policies of the Trustees. Arrived without assistance and did not have the same loyalty to the colony's founders. Could afford to purchase slaves and vast tracts of land and felt the policies of the Trustees prevented them from realizing their economic potential.

30. Why was the vision of the trustees for Georgia never fulfilled? 1)Dissension caused many Georgians to move to places where they could basically live as they wished. 2)By 1742, Georgians were allowed to buy and sell rum. 3)Slavery was introduced in 1750.

31. In 1752, one year before the initial 21-year charter was to expire, the trustees returned Georgia to the authority of King George II. It became a royal colony.

32. Trustee Colony 1732 - 1752 Board of Trustees Ruled Colony Land Ownership Restricted to 50 acres, plus a town lot for colonists on charity No Established Church (Freedom of Religion Except for Catholics Slavery Prohibited Royal Colony 1752 - 1776 King Ruled Colony Limits on Land Ownership Removed. Land distributed under headright system (Family = 100 acres + 50 acres for each additional member, servant, or slave Anglican Church (Church of England) Slavery Allowed

33. Who became the first royal governor of Georgia? John Reynolds ◊proved ineffective ◊recalled at the end of 1756

34. What was Georgia’s 1 st Government like? ˜ Idea of self-government ˜ Bicameral (two houses: Common House of Assembly & Governor’s Council representing 8 parishes both church and British government district) ˜ Court System

35. Essential Questions

36. How was the founding of the Georgia colony and its evolution to statehood unique (Charter of 1732 & Reasons for Settlement – charity, economics, defense)? #1

37. #2 How did physical features and climatic factors play a role in the settlement of the Georgia colony at Savannah?

38. #3 How did the contributions of various political and social groups (James Oglethorpe, Chief Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, Salzburgers, Highland Scots, etc…) contribute to the development of the Georgia colony during the trustee period?

39. What goods/services did the early colony of Georgia attempt to produce? #4

40. #5 Who were the malcontents and what affect did they have on the Georgia colony?

41. #6 How did Georgia become a royal colony (land ownership, slavery, government, royal governors)?

42. HOMEWORK Study, Study, Study!!! 5 Points for Signed Study Guide